论安全文化场及其在企业的实现方法

补充了本人在1993年提出的安全文化的定义。提出了安全文化场的概念。给出了企业安全文化场的实现方法。安全文化场建设包括“安全文”、“安全化”、“安全场”三部分,“安全文”是静态安全文化,“安全化”是动态安全文化,“安全场”是将“安全文”与“安全化”融人组织的体制,成为组织的运行机制,形成组织（系统）的安全文化能量场。     

基于系统论的企业安全文化模糊层次(AHP-Fuzzy)综合评价

针对安全问题的特殊性,以系统论的思维方法,分析企业的安全系统(人-机-环境系统及其子系统),从整体上探讨安全文化的评价因素,建立了三大视角,8个要素,28条指标的企业安全文化评价体系。结合AHP方法和模糊(Fuzzy)综合评价理论,建立企业安全文化的AHP-Fuzzy综合评价模型,对企业安全文化建设进行科学的评价。结果表明,安全文化不仅体现在企业组织内部,还具有时间和空间属性,安全文化的评价指标应该从3个维度来测量。实证表明,该评价方法具有较强的适用性和可操作性,方便运用于各类型企业。     

金川集团安全生产标准化升级跨越建设途径探索与实践

针对安全生产标准化建设存在的问题,结合金川集团的实际情况,提出了"将安全生产标准化纳入企业安全文化范畴进行建设"。实现升级跨越建设的思路是围绕"零伤害"的安全生产方针,以矿山采矿盘区为单位建立安全标准化组织机构,开展"安全三区"危险源辨识和风险管控,在此基础上建立安全物质标准文化、安全管理标准文化和安全行为标准文化,结合安全文化"五阶段"塑培模式,打造安全自律型和本质安全型的标准化员工队伍,通过"匹配化"与"对标管理"的方式保证安全标准化持续改进模式。实践经验对金属非金属矿山安全生产标准化创建活动具有参考意义。     

自动扶梯曳引机由静态元件供电的拖动线路及PLC控制

文章分析了GBI6899—2011《自动扶梯和自动人行道的制造与安装安全规范》中曳引电机由静态元件供电的要求,讨论了使用两个和一个电源接触器切断曳引机供电的线路。并优先使用一种两个电源接触器切断供电的线路,设计了该线路的一种PLC控制电路,讨论了其起动和停止的控制过程。并给出了PLC控制梯形图程序的结构图。     

Heavier birds react faster to predators: individual differences in the detection of stalking and ambush predators

The relationship between body mass and reactions speed in response to a predatory threat is poorly understood. Theory predicts that different vigilance patterns are optimal for the detection of different predator types. We suggest that birds of different individual state might also differ in their speed of response dependent upon predator type. We used laboratory trials of wild caught chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) to determine how between individual differences in chaffinch behaviour and state correlate with latency to react to a ground predator model (domestic cat), thus providing a comparison with previous work in the same model system using aerial predator models. In experiment 1, we observed chaffinch responses to a moving cat model, simulating a stalking predator. In experiment 2, we used a camouflaged cat model simulating an ambush predator. Both experiments show evidence suggesting heavier individuals (which previous literature has linked to impaired flight performance) responded more quickly to the model cat. Heavier individuals also had shorter interscan intervals. In contrast to a previous study, both experiments found individuals with a higher intake rate were not faster at responding to the cat model. In addition, individuals in experiment 1 that head turned more while scanning were slower to respond to the stalking cat model. Our work suggests that although heavier individuals may have impaired escape performance they appear to show behavioural compensation by allocating more attention to anti-predator behaviour and by modifying their interscan intervals, resulting in faster response times to a ground predator. We suggest more experiments investigating response time to different predatory types and explicitly manipulating state to elucidate cause and effect.     

Values-in-action that support safe production

Introduction: Safe production is a sustainable approach to managing an organization’s operations that considers the interests of both management and workers as salient stakeholders in a productive and safe workplace. A supportive culture enacts values versus only espousing them. These values-in-action are beliefs shared by both management and workers that align what should happen in performing organizational routines to be safe and be productive with what actually is done. However, the operations and safety management literature provides little guidance on which values-in-action are most important to safe production and how they work together to create a supportive culture. Method: The researchers conducted exploratory case studies in 10 manufacturing plants of 9 firms. The researchers compared plant managers’ top-down perspectives on safety in the performance of work and workers’ bottom-up experiences of the safety climate and their rates of injury on the job. Each case study used data collected from interviewing multiple managers, the administration of a climate survey to workers and the examination of the plant’s injury rates over time as reported to its third party health and safety insurer. Results: The researchers found that plants with four values-in-action —a commitment to safety, discipline, prevention and participation—were capable of safe production, while plants without those values were neither safe nor productive. Where culture and climate aligned lower rates of injury were experienced. Discussion and conclusion: The four value-in-actions must all be present and work together in a self-reinforcing manner to engage workers and managers in achieving safe production. Practical application: Managers of both operations and safety functions do impact safety outcomes such as reducing injuries by creating a participatory environment that encourage learning that improves both safety and production routines.     

Ranking of process safety cultures for risk-based inspections using indicative safety culture assessments

Although major hazard industries have no legal obligations to demonstrate a good safety culture, it is an increasingly important factor for risk-based inspections. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a relatively simple method for external indicative assessment of the process safety culture in major hazard industries. As a first step, a tool was developed. Second, the tool was successfully tested in a workshop with major hazard inspectors. After this ‘proof of concept’ and a few adaptations to improve the tool, quantitative evaluation and validation were carried out with a representative sample of major hazard inspectors in the Netherlands. In this stage, the tool comprised 30 questions, of which 19 sufficiently frequent valid responses were given for the validity test. The evaluations demonstrate that without specific preparations, inspection teams can use the tool to discriminate between plants with poor or good safety cultures. That is sufficient for ranking as additional input for risk-based inspection strategies. The resulting indicative ‘scores’ for safety culture correlate meaningfully with the quality of process safety management systems and the number of (legal) non-compliances, which were identified by the inspection team at the same occasion. The use of the tool can be further improved by training inspectors, making minor adaptations of the inspection process, and broadening the scope of a few questions. It is expected that external assessments of safety culture will become increasingly important not only for inspectorates, but also for a range of other external stakeholders.     

Experimental study on vented deflagration of hydrocarbon fuel-air mixtures in a 20-L semi-confined cylindrical vessel with a slight static activation pressure

The overpressure peaks and flame propagation characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel-air mixtures vented deflagration in a 20-L cylindrical vessel with a slight static activation overpressure (P_ST = 2.5 kPa) and five vent opening ratio were studied by a series of experiments. The experiments focused on the effect of vent opening ratio on the overpressure peaks and flame propagation characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel-air mixture vented deflagration. The internal overpressure-time profiles and high-speed photographs of flame propagation processes were obtained. The results showed that three overpressure peaks were distinguished in the internal overpressure-time profiles, caused by the burst vent cover (p_burst), the acceleration of burnt gas (p_fv), and the fierce external deflagration of vented unburned fuel (p_ext), respectively. The changing of the vent opening ratio had almost no effect on the value of p_burst and (dp_burst/dt). With increasing vent opening ratio, the values of p_fv, p_ext, (dp_fv/dt) and (dp_ext/dt) showed a decreasing trend while the values of p_burst and (dp_burst/dt) were nearly constant. The flame presented a hemispherical shape before the vent cover ruptured then developed as a mushroom shape after accelerated to external field. There were three flame speed peaks during flame propagation process, resulted from venting flow acceleration, external deflagration, and axial heat flux formed by internal combustion. With the increase of vent opening ratio, all of the maximum flame speed, external average flame speed, maximum flame distance and external flame duration showed a downward trend, excepting for the internal average flame speed almost remained constant.     

基于地域性特征的大运河保护利用规划研究——以京杭大运河嘉兴段为例

京杭大运河是属于全人类的重要遗产,如何更好地保护与利用京杭大运河是沿线城市共同面临的问题。本文通过对嘉兴段大运河的历史演变,对杭嘉湖平原人水关系、人地关系地深入研究,归纳出嘉兴段大运河的三大特点,并探讨了对嘉兴段大运河保护利用的思路。     

浅析安全文化与安全氛围的关系

为了清晰的阐述安全文化在安全生产过程中的作用。本文利用集合的方法阐述了安全文化与安全氛围的关系,同时利用数学公式表示了安全文化与安全氛围之间的联系,得出安全文化的作用是通过不同时刻的安全氛围的累计,从而让安全文化的作用机理变得数据化、具体化,让企业以及相关部门能够更好的重视安全文化的建设,从而推动企业、乃至世界的安全生产进程。此外,安全文化的建设维度相比安全氛围建设而言显得较少,在安全生产过程中应该积极探索新的建设维度,从而完善安全文化维度建设体系。