Kinetics of phenol and m-cresol biodegradation by an indigenous mixed microbial culture isolated from a sewage treatment plant

An acclimatized mixed microbial culture, predominantly Pseudomonas sp., was enriched from a sewage treatment plant, and its potential to simultaneously degrade mixtures of phenol and m-cresol was investigated during its growth in batch shake flasks. A 2² full factorial design with the two substrates at two different levels and different initial concentration ranges (low and high), was employed to carry out the biodegradation experiments. The substrates phenol and m-cresol were completely utilized within 21 h when present at low concentrations of 100 mg/L for each, and at high concentration of 600 mg/L for each, a maximum time of 187 h was observed for their removal. The biodegradation results also showed that the presence of phenol in low concentration range (100–300 mg/L) did not inhibit m-cresol biodegradation. Whereas the presence of m-cresol inhibited phenol biodegradation by the culture. Moreover, irrespective of the concentrations used, phenol was degraded preferentially and earlier than m-cresol. A sum kinetics model was used to describe the variation in the substrate specific degradation rates, which gave a high coefficient of determination value (R² > 0.98) at the low concentration range of the substrates. From the estimated interaction parameter values obtained from this model, the inhibitory effect of phenol on m-cresol degradation by the culture was found to be more pronounced compared to that of m-cresol on phenol. This study showed a good potential of the indigenous mixed culture in degrading mixed substrate of phenolics.     

霾天气影响下的京津冀气候变化特征与成因

利用1961~2016年京津冀90个国家级气象站的霾数据集、日平均相对湿度、14：00能见度、日平均气温、日累计降水、日平均风速、辐射等数据,采用MASH方法、线性趋势分析方法、曼-肯德尔（Mann-Kendall）法以及相关分析等方法研究了京津冀地区霾天气影响下的气候变化特征.结果表明：京津冀地区年平均霾日数呈明显的增长趋势,增长率为5d/10a以上,大中城市年平均霾日数明显高于其他地区,霾日数突变增多发生在1992~1993年,在国家大气污染防治专项资金注入以后年平均霾日数增长趋势减缓;京津冀地区霾日和非霾日年平均气温呈上升趋势,年平均能见度呈下降趋势;年平均降水日数总体趋势减少,但是霾日降水日数逐年增加,而非霾日呈现减少趋势,两者呈现对称相反关系;京津冀霾日和非霾日年平均风速均呈逐年下降趋势;霾日数具有随着GDP、能源消耗的增加逐年递增趋势.京津冀地区霾日和非霾日年平均总辐射和散射辐射都是逐年下降,霾日比非霾日下降趋势更加明显,年平均总辐射比散射辐射下降明显;年平均霾日数与年平均总辐射、年平均风速、年平均降水呈负相关,但是与年平均气温、GDP、能源消耗呈正相关.     

基于MATLAB图像处理的层流火焰传播速度研究

为了减小传统本生灯火焰法测定层流预混火焰传播速度的误差,基于MATLAB图像处理技术提出了一种改进火焰图像处理及提取火焰边界线数据的方法。该方法对图像进行优化处理后运用LOG算子检测边缘信息,并为其添加平滑曲线;然后将散点拟合为函数表达式,选用Polynomial逼近方式修正拟合曲线误差;换算为实际坐标后对拟合函数进行面积积分计算,即得更接近真实的火焰外表面积。利用该方法对不同当量比下甲烷燃烧的本生灯火焰图像进行处理,求取其层流火焰传播速度,并与前人结果进行对比。结果表明,传统全面积法所得结果普遍偏高;相比于Vagelopulous利用平面火焰法所得结果,该方法获取的层流火焰传播速度在贫燃侧与之相近,在富燃侧则较之略低。     

Self-regulation of driving speed among distracted drivers: An application of driver behavioral adaptation theory

Objective: The adaptive behavior of mobile phone–distracted drivers has been a topic of much discussion in the recent literature. Both simulator and naturalistic studies suggest that distracted drivers generally select lower driving speeds; however, speed adaptation is not observed among all drivers, and the mechanisms of speed selection are not well understood. The aim of this research was to apply a driver behavioral adaptation model to investigate the speed adaptation of mobile phone–distracted drivers.

Methods: The speed selection behavior of drivers was observed in 3 phone conditions including baseline (no conversation) and hands-free and handheld phone conversations in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Speed adaptation in each phone condition was modeled as a function of secondary task demand and self-reported personal/psychological characteristics with a system of seemingly unrelated equations (SURE) accounting for potential correlations due to repeated measures experiment design.

Results: Speed adaptation is similar between hands-free and handheld phone conditions, but the predictors of speed adaptation vary across the phone conditions. Though perceived workload of secondary task demand, self-efficacy, attitude toward safety, and driver demographics were significant predictors of speed adaptation in the handheld condition, drivers' familiarity with the hands-free interface, attitude toward safety, and sensation seeking were significant predictors in the hands-free condition. Drivers who reported more positive safety attitudes selected lower driving speeds while using phones.

Conclusion: This research confirmed that behavioral adaptation models are suitable for explaining speed adaptation of mobile phone distracted drivers, and future research could be focused on further theoretical refinement.     

泡沫金属对甲烷/空气爆燃火焰的淬熄实验研究

为研究多孔材料对甲烷/空气预混气体爆燃火焰的抑制淬熄效果,运用一套自主设计的管道爆炸抑制系统进行实验研究。在实验中运用高速摄像机记录爆燃火焰在穿过多孔材料板时的淬熄过程,采用20,40,60,80PPI (孔目数) 的4种多孔材料,研究不同孔目数的多孔材料对爆燃火焰传播的形态结构、火焰传播速度以及抑制淬熄等特性的影响。结果表明:多孔材料的孔目数对爆燃火焰传播的早期阶段影响较小,爆燃火焰都经历了半球形火焰和指形火焰阶段;当火焰传播到多孔材料板时,孔目数越大对火焰的降速作用越强,80PPI工况下爆燃火焰不能穿过多孔材料板,即发生淬熄。实验结果揭示了多孔材料对火焰的淬熄作用与微孔通道和火焰的相互作用有关。     

略论我校校园文化建设

校园文化建设是当今学校建设的重要组成部分。近几年,我校在校园文化建设中取得了丰硕成果,同时也获得了一些启示和经验。努力建设优秀校园文化、培育学生精英意识是我们追求的目标。     

论企业文化与石化行业HSE管理

结合国外石油化工企业管理的实践经验,针对我国石化企业的HSE现状,以企业文化为切入点,论述了如何建设企业健康的HSE文化,从而提升企业HSE管理绩效的问题.     

非常规快速电沉积制备纳米材料的方法和原理

非常规电沉积利用镀液的流动,能极大地提高电沉积速度,因而利用非常规电沉积技术制备纳米晶材料具有较好的发展和应用前景.介绍了电刷镀、流镀、喷射电沉积、摩擦喷射电沉积等几种常见的非常规电沉积的方法和原理,指出了各种方法的优缺点,展望了非常规快速电沉积技术的应用前景.     

三峡库区大石板滑坡涌浪预测

以三峡库区大石板滑坡为例,运用经验公式法和条块运动学分析法两种涌浪计算方法,预测滑坡不同工况下的滑动速度、初始涌浪最大浪高及滑坡入江体积,结果表明该滑坡最大入江体积为420.44万m3,最大初始浪高达21.42 m,涌浪灾害严重,计算结果为其防灾减灾工作提供了科学依据.     

长三角高速铁路网建设对江苏省煤炭铁路运输能力的影响

铁路运输是我国煤炭运输的重要方式。我国高速铁路的建设不仅对经济社会发展产生重大影响,也释放出一定的运能,促进铁路煤炭运输能力的提升。文章以江苏省为实证区域,针对江苏省铁路运煤特点,构建计算方法,估算了长三角高速铁路建设之前,京沪、沪宁等高速铁路通车后,以及长三角高速铁路网初步形成后江苏省主要铁路运煤线路的运输能力。结果表明：在长三角高速铁路建设之前,江苏铁路运煤线路受制于大量开行高等级旅客列车、线路技术等级低、施工维护等因素,煤炭运输压力巨大;随着长三角高铁建设的不断推进,一些铁路运煤线路运能得到释放;今后随着高速铁路网络的形成,“客货分线”得以实现,加上规划新建的铁路,铁路运煤能力将有较大提升。