最简化空气环境影响预测模式的实践

有风时空气环境影响的最简化预测模式,遵循高斯方程,过程的推导严密而具有科学性,适用于高架点源下风向地面污染最大浓度及距离的确定,计算方法删繁就简,预测结果较为准确,对三级环境评价中的空气环境影响预测具有广泛的实践意义。     

3S技术在林纸一体化项目生态环境影响评价中的应用

文章以梧州市某林浆纸一体化原料林建设项目为例,借助3S技术分析原料林基地建设对生态环境的影响,探讨3S技术在生态环境影响评价中的应用。     

滇池湿地环境影响评价指标体系研究

根据压力-状态-响应（Pressure-State-Response,PSR）框架模型,针对滇池目前生态环境问题,以滇池为对象、生态环境影响源为压力,构建滇池湿地环境影响评价指标体系;采用ANP结构模型,进行滇池湿地环境影响评价指标权重分析,并利用模糊综合分析对结果进行评估,在此基础上,确定滇池湿地环境影响评价指标的指标权重。     

开阔海域围填海规划的水质影响评价方法——以福建省湾外围填海为例

基于开阔海域围填海的特殊性,已有的水质影响评价定量方法较难直接应用。本文通过水动力因子分析确定污染物扩散条件,根据水质现状、围填面积和规划利用方式确定水质压力。基于上述污染物扩散条件和水质压力参数,以水质影响程度等级作为评价结果,设计了半定量评价矩阵对福建省湾外围填海规划的10个围填区进行了水质影响评价。评价结果表明:其中有1个围填区水质影响程度较大,其余围填区水质影响程度均在中等以下。此外,水质影响程度评价结果可同时为湾外围填海规划决策者提供相应的决策依据。案例应用表明:该半定量方法可以推广应用于决策型的、影响机制复杂、不确定性较强的人类活动的水质影响评价。     

Safety and associated parameters influencing performance of rail road grade crossings: A critical review of state of the art

Introduction: Railroad grade crossings (RRGCs) have emerged as critical transportation infrastructures from the point of safety and operational aspects because two modes of transportation intermingle at the intersecting zone; the understanding of safety and traffic operation at RRGC is of prime concern while planning and designing this transportation facility. Method: In this context, this work tries to comprehend RRGC performance-related parameters from published literature and figure out critical gaps. An international synthesis on the identified potential parameters influencing the RRGC performance (i.e., safety, driver behavior, and operational impact) was carried out by critically reviewing the articles published worldwide. Furthermore, key findings, used variables, analysis methods, research gaps, and recommendations were studied. Results: The review revealed that many researchers had explored the driver behavior and safety aspect based on past crash data and violations prevailing at RRGC. However, little research has been done to evaluate the effect of highways' operational characteristics on the performance of RRGC. Moreover, limited investigation has been carried out to understand the dilemma of drivers and the proactive safety evaluation of pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles at RRGC. A total of seven critical research gaps concerning parameters are recognized, facilitating a clear agenda for further research pertaining to RRGC performance.     

基于GDEM-PDyna的尾矿库溃坝三维数值模拟分析研究*

为进一步探究尾矿坝溃决后特有泥石流运移规律,掌握坝体破坏前至溃坝结束全流程发展状态,依托广东省某案例尾矿库为研究对象,采用基于有限元与离散元耦合方法的GDEM-PDyna软件构建泥石流类流体下泄演化数值模型,开展尾矿坝溃决演化分析,动态模拟尾矿库溃决过程中泥砂运动规律及淹没范围,并与MIKE 21软件计算结果进行对比。研究结果表明:尾矿坝溃决后,泥石流类流体流速升高、持续时间较短且尾砂流量发展迅速,2种模拟方法对比结果表明溃坝后坝基位置下泄流量变化与下游敏感点溃坝淹没深度变化情况一致。研究结果可为实现尾矿库下游重点区域灾害评估提供量化支撑,可有效提高尾矿坝溃决后灾害影响评估的精准性。     

道路常亮型LED补光灯对驾驶人员的视觉影响

为研究道路常亮型LED补光灯对安全驾驶的影响,通过实测道路现场光照数据构建室内眼动实验,分析不同照度下被试者瞳孔大小的变化和视觉感受变化特征,为道路常亮型LED补光灯的照度设置提供依据.结果表明:道路常亮型LED补光灯光照强度变化对驾驶人员视觉有影响,光照强度从100×10-1 lx变化到700×10-1 lx时,被试...     

低影响开发雨洪管理技术费效分析

文章对LID技术的环境效益、经济效益、社会效益分类分析以及采用费效分析方法对其综合效益进行评价;指出国内外LID技术推广层面的政策经济不同之处,总结出LID技术的推广建议。表明LID措施比传统雨洪管理技术具有更大的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益,合理有效的运用将为海绵城市建设提供技术经济上的支持。     

Safety of stationary grinding machines – impact resistance of work zone enclosures

Guards on machine tools are intended to protect persons from being injured by parts ejected with high kinetic energy from the work zone of the machine. Stationary grinding machines are a typical example. Generally such machines are provided with abrasive product guards closely enveloping the grinding wheel. However, many machining tasks do not allow the use of abrasive product guards. In such cases, the work zone enclosure has to be dimensioned so that, in case of failure, grinding wheel fragments remain inside the machine’s working zone. To obtain data for the dimensioning of work zone enclosures on stationary grinding machines, which must be operated without an abrasive product guard, burst tests were conducted with vitrified grinding wheels. The studies show that, contrary to widely held opinion, narrower grinding wheels can be more critical concerning the impact resistance than wider wheels although their fragment energy is smaller.