压实膨润土的土水特性试验研究

回填材料是高放废物地质处置库多重屏障系统的重要组成部分,以蒙脱石为主要成分的膨润土是较理想的回填材料,研究膨润土的非饱和渗透特性,对于回填材料选材和处置库安全性评价具有重要意义。文章通过室内试验开展柯尔碱膨润土的土水特性研究,用压力膜仪实测不同干密度柯尔碱膨润土的土水特征曲线,根据柔性壁渗透仪测得的饱和导水率数据,采用Van Genuchten(1980)预测模型分别计算得到每种干密度膨润土在不同含水量及基质吸力条件下的非饱和导水率,建立了非饱和导水率与含水量、基质吸力的相关关系,对比分析干密度对曲线的影响。结果表明,干密度对柯尔碱膨润土的土水特征曲线有着明显的影响,在初始含水量相同的情况下,干密度较大的膨润土脱水速率比干密度较小的膨润土脱水速率慢,表现出较高的持水性能。柯尔碱膨润土的非饱和导水率随含水量减小和基质吸力增大皆呈非线性降低,干密度越小,非饱和导水率越大。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定硝基苯类化合物的曲线选择

采用四极杆质谱和离子阱质谱,分别测定硝基苯类化合物,进行曲线的拟合。对结果详细分析并探讨2种质谱仪在分析硝基苯类化合物时的异同。结果表明,二次曲线比一次曲线更加适用,离子阱质谱的线性全面优于四极杆质谱。     

干扰曲线扣除法测定废水中苯胺类和硝基苯类

使用比色法测定苯胺和硝基苯时，苯胺会严重影响硝基苯的测定。采用干扰曲线扣除法可以定量描述苯胺对硝基苯的影响，得到水样中硝基苯的真实含量。用这种方法测定苯胺，标准差为0.29μg，相对标准差为1.9％，回收率为97％；测定硝基苯，标准差为0.57μg，相对标准差为5.6％，回收率为95％。     

基于安全管理六元素的企业安全曲线模型构建与应用

为更好帮助企业主要负责人、安全管理人员评测企业安全形势、预测企业安全趋势并进行有效干预,笔者基于安全管理六元素将影响企业安全形势趋势的因素划分为安全动力及阻力2种作用力,提出“安全形势趋势干预曲线(安全曲线)模型”。该模型研究企业在安全形势变化前应当如何于关键时机点进行干预,从而引导企业安全趋势走向。结果表明:该模型可以化繁为简帮助企业主要负责人、安全管理人员从宏观层面更好地掌控企业安全形势趋势,防减企业安全事故的发生。     

Meter-scale variation within a single transect demands attention to taxon accumulation curves in riverine microbiome studies

● Riverine microbiomes exhibited hyperlocal variation within a single transect. ● Certain family-level taxa directionally associated with river center and bank. ● Taxon accumulation curves within a transect urges more nuanced sampling design. Microbial communities inhabiting river ecosystems play crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycling and pollution attenuation. Spatial variations in local microbial assemblages are important for detailed understanding of community assembly and developing robust biodiversity sampling strategies. Here, we intensely analyzed twenty water samples collected from a one-meter spaced transect from the near-shore to the near-center in the Meramec River in eastern Missouri, USA and examined the microbial community composition with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Riverine microbiomes across the transect exhibited extremely high similarity, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients above 0.9 for all pairwise community composition comparisons. However, despite the high similarity, PERMANOVA revealed significant spatial differences between near-shore and near-center communities (p = 0.001). Sloan’s neutral model simulations revealed that within-transect community composition variation was largely explained by demographic stochasticity (R² = 0.89). Despite being primarily explained by neutral processes, LefSe analyses also revealed taxa from ten families of which relative abundances differed directionally from the bank to the river center, indicating an additional role of environmental filtering. Notably, the local variations within a river transect can have profound impacts on the documentation of alpha diversity. Taxon-accumulation curves indicated that even twenty samples did not fully saturate the sampling effort at the genus level, yet four, six and seven samples were able to capture 80% of the phylum-level, family-level, and genus-level diversity, respectively. This study for the first time reveals hyperlocal variations in riverine microbiomes and their assembly mechanisms, demanding attention to more robust sampling strategies for documenting microbial diversity in riverine systems.     

历史演变法原理与演变曲线板

根据杨鉴初的历史演变法原理，对苏皖沪（３０°～３６°Ｎ，１１５°～１２５°Ｅ）１９７１ ～１９９７ 年最大震级（ ＭＳ） 形成的时间序列，先进行迭次平滑，再据这些逐趋光滑的地震活动历史演变曲线的外形特征及数值，找出它们之间的联系规律与各自的变化规律：超前性、近似性、准对称性与渐变性。并根据这些规律性制成时间序列演变曲线板：近似板、旋转板与折迭板，对逐年最大震级进行外延验证，以及对１９９８ 年的最大震级做出预报。结果表明：用演变曲线板量取的时间序列外延预报值，与实况的差值都能小于｜０ ．５｜ 级。     

兰州市大气臭氧生成的敏感性分析及其前体物减排对策建议

兰州市是我国首个发现光化学烟雾事件的城市,其盆地地形、特殊的气象条件及较高的石化工业产业的排放,使得近年来臭氧浓度急剧上升.本论文基于兰州市2016-2019年4年的空气质量自动监测数据以及中国气象网站提供的温度、湿度、气压等气象参数,对兰州市大气臭氧(O3)和其前体物(NOx)污染的时空分布特征及城关城区和西固工业区...