Multivariate toxicity profiles and QSAR modeling of non-dioxin-like PCBs--an investigation of in vitro screening data from ultra-pure congeners

The non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) found in food and human samples have a complex spectrum of adverse effects, but lack a detailed risk assessment. The toxicity profiles of 21 carefully selected PCBs (19 NDL-PCBs) were identified by in vitro screening in 17 different assays on specific endpoints related to neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption and tumor promotion. To ensure that the test results were not affected by polychlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans or DL-PCB contaminants, the NDL-PCB congeners were thoroughly purified before testing. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to derive general toxicity profiles from the in vitro screening data. The toxicity profiles indicated different structure-activity relationships (SAR) and distinct mechanisms of action. The analysis also indicated that the NDL-PCBs could be divided into two groups. The first group included generally smaller, ortho-substituted congeners, comprising PCB 28, 47, 51, 52, 53, 95, 100, 101, 104 and 136, with PCB 95, 101 and 136 as generally being most active. The second group comprising PCB 19, 74, 118, 122, 128, 138, 153, 170, 180 and 190 had lower biological activity in many of the assays, except for three endocrine-related assays. The most abundant congeners, PCB 138, 153, 170, 180 and 190, cluster in the second group, and thereby show similar SAR. Two quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models could be developed that added information to the SAR and could aid in risk assessments of NDL-PCBs. The QSAR models predicted a number of congeners as active and among these e.g., PCB 18, 25, 45 and 49 have been found in food or human samples.     

隐含碳视角下的湖北省工业结构调整评价体系

着眼于如何科学促进工业结构升级,发展技术含量和附加值双高、社会效益与经济效益双优的"两型"工业部门,首次将产业安全和隐含碳纳入考量,分别从经济效益、社会效益、生态效益、技术密集度、产业安全、区域优势6个方面选取了13项指标.在对所选指标进行相应说明后,应用主成分分析法建立了湖北省工业结构调整评价体系.该评价体系对湖北省的24个工业部门进行了综合评分及排序,分析结果显示未来几年湖北省应该大力发展三类产业:一是经济效益好、社会关联度大,但存在一定污染问题的产业;二是增长速度快、技术含量与外向度较高的产业;三是就业能力强,区域优势明显的产业.同时,三类产业的发展策略各有侧重.文章最后依据各项指标对于湖北省几个重点工业部门发展给出了针对性的政策建议.     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统石灰石品质试验研究

依据相关标准,对邯郸地区A、B、C 3种石灰石样品的各组分含量、活性以及邦德可磨性指数进行试验测定,并分析了其对湿法脱硫效果的影响,为河北码头电厂脱硫系统的设计提供依据。     

含油污泥中不同族组分的脱附特性研究

针对含油污泥的热水脱附处理方法,在优化脱附工艺条件下,研究不同单组分脱附剂对含油污泥中各族组分的脱附特性,并据此复配脱附剂,研究各复配脱附剂对含油污泥中不同族组分的脱附特性.结果表明,聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂对含油污泥的脱附效率优于多元醇型非离子表面活性剂; 各脱附剂对饱和烃、芳烃的脱附效率高于对胶质沥青质的脱附效率; 带脂肪链的脱附剂对饱和烃的脱附效率较高,带苯环的脱附剂对芳烃的脱附效率较高; 脱附剂亲油基与族组分的亲和性越强,脱附剂对该族组分的脱附效率越高.研究表明,根据各单组分脱附剂对不同族组分的脱附特性复配高效脱附剂的方法可行,复配脱附剂NP-8 5 & AEO-8 5对含油污泥的脱附效率可达89.40%.     

Trends in per capita ecological footprint and biocapacity in China 1949–2013

This paper proposes two concepts: the ecological footprint component index(EFCI) and the biocapacity component index(BCCI), based on the ecological footprint(EF) and Shannon entropy approaches. Per capita EFCI and BCCI in China 1949-2013 are analyzed using empirical mode decomposition(EMD). Nonlinear models of per capita EFCI and BCCI in China 1949-2013 are presented and their cycles and predictions from 2014 to 2023 are analyzed. The results over the last 65 years show:(1) EFCI in China has increased constantly with fluctuations, while BCCI has slowly decreased. Their annual change rates are 2.81% and-1.26%, respectively. The increasing EFCI indicates a gradual improvement in China's sustainable development potential; the decreasing BCCI indicates severe environmental and population challenges.(2) The cycles of per capita EFCI have periods of 5.4 and 16.3 years, while cycles of per capita BCCI have periods of 3.6, 13,and 21.7 years. The predictive models indicate that EFCI will first decrease, reaching 0.02725 in2014, and will subsequently increase to 0.03261 in 2021. BCCI will increase, reaching 0.01365 in2014 and 0.01541 in 2022. EFCI and BCCI will reach 0.03037 and 0.01537, respectively, in 2023.Policymakers should ensure that the EFCI and BCCI increase in 2023.     

南淝河表层水中重金属空间分布、污染评价及来源

根据南淝河丰水期和枯水期水质的调查数据,采用单因子水质指数法和改进后的模糊综合评价法对水中重金属元素的污染进行了评价,确定了主要污染因子和优先控制断面,并利用主成分分析法对重金属污染进行了溯源分析。结果表明:Cr、Cu、Pb的含量平均值均为枯水期高于丰水期,而As、Cd的含量平均值均为枯水期低于丰水期。单因子水质指数法评价结果显示南淝河重金属污染的主要污染因子是Cd,丰水期和枯水期各采样点Cd的含量均达到地表水Ⅴ类水标准,最高值达到地表水Ⅴ类标准值的2.6倍。改进后模糊综合评价法评价结果显示南淝河水质丰水期基本属于地表水环境质量标准Ⅱ类水标准,潜山北路大桥断面污染最严重,属于优先控制断面,枯水期各断面水质均属于Ⅲ类水标准,整体上南淝河水质达到了水体功能区目标。主成分分析法结果显示,南淝河重金属污染的主要来源是流域内的农药化肥、机械制造和电镀行业的废水以及河道的行船。     

Comparison and application of different component municipal solid wastes based carbon on adsorption of carbon dioxide

The prepared different components municipal solid wastes based carbons were used to investigate the adsorption of CO₂. The optimum conditions for CO₂ adsorption were investigated firstly. And then, the CO₂ adsorption performance of different components based carbon adsorbents were compared with each other under the optimum parameters. The results illustrated that the triple components (pinewood, acrylic textile, and tire) based carbon exhibited the best adsorption performance, which is 1.522 mmol/g and its physical prosperity was also conducted to interpret the adsorption mechanism. Besides, to further approach to the actual gas, the influence of additional O₂ and SO₂ on CO₂ adsorption properties of ternary-component-based carbon was investigated. The results illustrate that O₂ concentration exerts little effect on adsorption capacity. SO₂ plays the dominated role in the competitive adsorption effect.     

主成分回归模型在农业需水量预测中的应用

农业需水量的准确预测对区域发展具有十分重要的意义。农业需水量受多重因素的影响,且这些因素大多存在较强的相关性。通过介绍主成分分析法的原理和计算分析,以实例（z市1998--2010年农业用水资料）建立回归模型对需水量进行预测。结果表明,该模型应用于农业用水量预测,其结果与当地实际情况较吻合,模型的拟合程度和预测准确度均较好。     

汽车电子电气零部件环境适应性和可靠性验证

本文介绍了汽车电子电器零部件开发过程中的环境适应性和可靠性验证方法。主要通过对开发过程中各个阶段验证情况的研究,分析了现在车厂对汽车电子电气零部件的试验目标、试验项目及试验时间的设定方法,为车载电气零部件的环境适应性和可靠性验证提供依据。     

湘江流域生态补偿系数定量分析

充分考虑生态补偿主体的社会经济发展水平、支付能力、对环境污染的贡献率,科学、公平、合理制定生态补偿标准是推动生态补偿机制实施的关键点之一。本文应用主成分分析法对湘江流域内各市社会经济发展水平、支付能力、环境污染的贡献率进行界定与定量分析,在此基础上形成补偿系数,对统一的补偿标准进行修正,实现补偿标准的科学、客观、公平。