体积法压井现场试验研究

为了更加精细地描述体积法压井过程中井内气体的分布和运移规律,针对体积控制法压井开展了试验研究,通过在试验井井底注气的方式,模拟气侵并实施体积法压井;测量并分析压井过程中套压、立压、出口流量及注气速率等参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:体积法压井控制过程中,由于井筒内气侵气体以多个短气柱和弥散型气泡分布为主,在钻井液泄流过程中套压很难实现理想状态的稳定控制;井口出现气体并不代表气侵气体以气柱形式全部到达井口,通过气液混合泄流,可有效控制井底压力实现井底准恒压;当部分气体在井口形成气柱后,可提前启动置换流程,这种体积控制流程和置换流程结合的方式可有效降低地层破裂风险;置换流程中压井液的注入会产生井底附加压力,针对薄弱地层,需考虑此参数以降低风险。     

Experimental research of flow rate and diffusion behavior of nature gas leakage underwater

In order to assess the potential risk of pipeline underwater leakage, a self-designed experimental setup is carried out to study the gas release rate and dispersion behavior in different release scenarios. A transparent organic glass tank with dimension of 1 m × 0.5 m × 0.5 m (height × width × length) was placed in a wind tunnel. The release pipeline made by stainless-steel with diameter of 25 mm were used to simulate for variation release depth. The different size and shape of leakage orifices in 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm in round and 3.5 × 2 mm, 7 × 1 mm in rectangle were designed for comparison. The medium of methane gas was released from the controllable cylinder. The variation parameters of flow rate and pressure were measured by a flow meter and pressure gauge respectively. A high speed camera was employed to recorded the phenomenology of dispersion characteristics and breakup process for a wide range of orifice size in the time-resolved images. The dynamic plume diameter on water surface was measured by a Vernier caliper placed above the water tank. The considered factors including orifice size, leakage pressure and water depth effect on gas flow rate and dispersion behavior was quantitative investigated. The fitting correlation between the gas flow rate and variation parameters can provide fundamental information for evaluation the hazard consequences of gas release in engineering application.     

比生物絮凝因子作为絮凝剂促进厌氧污泥颗粒化指标的研究

研究了间歇投加微生物絮凝剂MBF21和阳离子PAM对厌氧污泥颗粒化的作用规律在此基础上考察了污泥的比生物絮凝因子与厌氧污泥的粒径间的关系.研究表明,污泥的比生物絮凝因子与污泥的粒径呈正相关微生物絮凝剂组、阳离子PAM组及对照组中厌氧污泥的比生物絮凝因子BF/BF0分别增加至42.65、40.45、21.89;与对照组相比,微生物絮凝剂组和阳离子PAM组污泥的BF/BF0分别提高了94.8%和84.8%.相应的污泥平均粒径分别增加至1.04、1.13、0.63mm;与对照组相比,微生物絮凝剂组和阳离子PAM组的污泥平均粒径分别增加了65.1%和79.4%.     

金属爆炸加工家族的新成员——金属容器无模爆炸加工

简述了金属爆炸加工的分类,着重叙述了无模金属爆炸成形的技术优越性、应用及前景.     

半圆头方颈螺栓的冷镦成形工艺及关键模具设计

用多工位冷镦机生产半圆头方颈螺栓 ,对方颈部分的成形采用切挤成形工艺 ,用这种方法生产的产品 ,外形美观 ,质量稳定。同时也介绍了关键模具的设计     

几种水陆交错带植物对底质氮磷释放的抑制作用

选取太湖贡湖湾水陆交错带内的黄菖蒲、双穗雀稗、李氏禾、黄花水龙及香菇草这5种植物,长江下游常见沙壤土、水陆交错带新生底质两种土壤,模拟扰动条件下5种水生植物对底质氮磷释放的抑制.结果表明,植物对底质总磷释放具有显著的抑制作用,双穗雀稗、香菇草、黄菖蒲可以将上覆水总磷浓度控制在0.02 mg·L~(-1),李氏禾、黄花水龙控制在0.03mg·L~(-1);李氏禾、黄花水龙试验组总磷释放率控制在0.1 d-1,双穗雀稗、香菇草、黄菖蒲试验组控制在0.05 d-1.植物生长增加了底质氮的赋存,带来底质氮释放的增加,而黄菖蒲、双穗雀稗则可以将底质总氮释放速率控制在0.02 d-1,上覆水总氮浓度控制在0.4 mg·L~(-1).植物须根根长密度、根重密度、根表面积密度成为抑制底质氮磷释放的主要因素,须根穿插增加底质中粒径≤50μm的颗粒物,从而减少了水体扰动造成的底质上扬;同时须根在生长过程增加底质总氮含量,吸收底质中的磷.5种水陆交错带植物正是通过上述两种机制抑制底质中氮磷的释放,其中黄菖蒲、双穗雀稗因为其发达的根系,抑制氮磷物质释放的效果最佳,其次为李氏禾、香菇草,黄花水龙对底质氮磷释放的抑制作用在5种植物中最小.