原油集输联合站故障树分析研究

采用故障树分析法对原油集输联合站生产工艺流程和危险危害因素进行分析,确定原油集输联合站的故障树因素表,以该站故障为顶上事件,以火灾爆炸、介质泄漏、其他危险作为故障树的中间事件,建立联合站故障树。通过定性定量分析,求取联合站故障树的最小割集为77组,进而确定故障树顶事件的事故发生概率为5.68×10-3和底事件结构重要度,得出影响集输联合站安全性的重要因素为通风不良、储罐密封不良、液体腐蚀、盘管穿孔和人员误操作等。因而提出加强原油集输联合站安全监察和监控措施,及时地发现和处理故障,以提高联合站运行安全可靠性和生产效率。     

Pipeline design for a least-cost router application for CO2 transport in the CO2 sequestration cycle

CO₂ capture and geological storage (CCS) is considered as a viable option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions during the transition phase towards the use of clean and renewable energy. This paper concentrates on the transport of CO₂ between source (CO₂ capture at plants) and sink (geological storage reservoirs). In the cost estimation of CO₂ transport, the pipeline diameter plays an important role. In this respect, the paper reviews equations that were used in several reports on CO₂ pipeline transport. As some parameters are not taken into account in these equations, alternative formulas are proposed which calculate the proper inner diameter size based on flow rate, pressure drop per unit length, CO₂ density, CO₂ viscosity, pipeline material roughness and topographic height differences (the Darcy–Weisbach solution) and, in addition, on the amount and type of bends (the Manning solution). Comparison between calculated diameters using the reviewed and the proposed equations demonstrate the important influence of elevation difference (which is not considered in the reviewed equations) and pipeline material roughness-related factor on the calculated diameter. Concerning the latter, it is suggested that a Darcy–Weisbach roughness height of 0.045 mm better corresponds to a Manning factor of 0.009 than higher Manning values previously proposed in literature. Comparison with the actual diameter of the Weyburn pipeline confirms the accuracy of the proposed equations. Comparison with other existing CO₂ pipelines (without pressure information) indicate that the pipelines are designed for lower pressure gradients than 25 Pa/m or for (future) higher flow rates. The proposed Manning equation is implemented in an economic least-cost route planner in order to obtain the best economic solution for pipeline trajectory and corresponding diameter.     

四川省鲜切花生产现状及发展对策

从鲜切花生产面积、切花主栽品种及分布地区、种苗来源、繁育栽培方式、生产水平状况等方面对四川省鲜切花生产现状进行了阐述。分析了目前切花生产存在的主要问题,并对该省鲜切花发展的市场前景作了初步阐述,提出了促进该省鲜切花产业的发展对策。     

生物脱氮的短程硝化反硝化及影响因素

简要地介绍了短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮的机理,即控制氨氧化停留在亚硝化反应阶段,不经过硝化直接进行反硝化.总结了短程硝化反硝化的优点,并结合国内外的研究现状,对影响亚硝酸盐积累的主要因素进行了分析和探讨.     

大气气溶胶粒子数密度和质量浓度的测量

介绍了光学测量技术在环境监测中的应用,利用多元回归方法分析了大气气溶胶数密度和质量浓度的相关性。运用该技术和方法对北京地区2月份大气气溶胶不同粒径段的粒子数密度与质量浓度进行了测量和相关性分析,得出了利用粒子数密度谱获取颗粒物(PM10)质量浓度谱的经验公式,并对公式进行了实验验证,以期对北京市大气污染总量控制方案及对策提供科学依据。     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

青藏高原东北侧局地冰雹最大雹径识别方法

以3D-Barnes方案插值的新一代天气雷达反射率因子等高平面资料,用垂直累积液态含水量的理论模式计算雹云单体在降雹过程中的VIL,再用MAX函数逐个提取最大VIL(简称:VILmax),采用统计和回归处理技术,对2004~2006年5~8月青藏高原东北侧局地雹云单体的VILmax与对应地面冰雹最大雹径(简称:Rmax)之间的关系进行详细分析。结果表明,青藏高原东北侧局地冰雹Rmax与对应单体VILmax之间存在明显的正相关关系。     

优质页岩陶粒滤料的制备与基本性能研究

以天然页岩为原料,分别采用破碎法和成球法制成滤料生料,经焙烧,膨胀,制备了陶粒滤料.对这2种方法制备的陶粒滤料的孔隙率、孔径和酸碱可溶率等指标进行了分析比较.结果表明,2种方法均可制备出性能优异的陶粒滤料.陶粒滤料的制备方法对其性能影响不大,而焙烧程序对陶粒滤料的性能有较大影响.实际生产时,可根据页岩特性、生产成本等确定陶粒滤料的制备方法.     

三丁基锡对中国近海常见海洋微藻的毒性效应

研究三丁基氯化锡(TBT)对中国近海常见5种硅藻和甲藻(硅藻中丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)、派格棍形藻(Bacilaria paxillifera)、聚生角毛藻(Chaetoceros socialis),甲藻中微型原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)、简裸甲藻(Gymnodinium simplex))的毒性效应,考察了有机锡对浮游藻光合活性(Fv/Fm)、粒径、生长的影响。结果表明:派格棍形藻、聚生角毛藻、简裸甲藻的光合活性(Fv/Fm)受TBT影响较显著;微型原甲藻、丹麦细柱藻的光合活性受TBT影响较小。高质量浓度TBT胁迫下海洋微藻峰值粒径显著减小,低质量浓度TBT对峰值粒径影响不显著。低质量浓度TBT对派格棍形藻、聚生角毛藻、简裸甲藻、微型原甲藻均有较强的毒性作用,非检测毒性浓度(NDEC)分别为1.17、1.07、0.23、3.73μg.L-1,丹麦细柱藻对TBT具有很强耐受性,NDEC为112.62μg.L-1。     

蚊香烟气气溶胶单粒子的粒径和质谱测量

在自行研制的气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪上,对两种蚊香烟气气溶胶单粒子的粒径和质谱进行了实时在线测量。通过分析蚊香烟气气溶胶的统计粒径数据和大量单粒子质谱图,发现其粒径主要分布在小粒径的纳米区间,且粒子中可能包含K+、Na+、碳氢化合物离子、重金属元素离子以及多环芳香烃化合物离子如苊、芴和苊烯的分子离子峰C12H10+、C13H10+和C12H8+等物质。并总结出微烟蚊香和有烟蚊香在粒径分布和化学成分等方面的异同点。金彩虹微烟蚊香烟气中包含的Mo+可以作为其区别于雷达有烟蚊香的特征标志。