聚积蓝藻不同打捞强度下藻源污染物释放特征研究

通过室内培养(35℃、6000 lx)模拟夏季环境条件下湖湾带高密度(~1.3×10~(11)cells·L~(-1))蓝藻聚积.实验设置了未打捞组及3种打捞强度组,分别为低、中和高强度组,其对藻密度的去除率可分别达到60.57%±0.09%、88.49%±0.52%和94.23%±0.00%,并以湖水组(Lw)作对照,研究了聚积蓝藻在不同打捞强度下的藻源污染物释放特征.结果表明:蓝藻聚积36 h内是打捞的“窗口期”,在此期间打捞效果最佳,而后蓝藻死亡、叶绿素a(chl.a)下降.蓝藻聚积过程中,氨氮(NH_4~+)和磷酸盐(PO_4~(3-))分别为溶解性氮磷(DTN、DTP)的主要形态.氮磷营养盐和藻源有机物(AOM)均在窗口期后5 d或8 d内快速释放,而后降低并进入内源循环.因此,窗口期后5 d内为打捞的“有效期”,在此期间应增加打捞频率及强度确保对污染物的控制效果.不同打捞强度下藻源污染物的释放特征差异显著,低强度打捞未能遏制蓝藻死亡降解,而中、高强度打捞解除了蓝藻生长密度制约,延缓藻细胞死亡,减缓藻源污染物的释放.打捞强度越大,藻源污染物释放速率越低,对污染物的控制效果越明显.当达到中强度打捞时,AOM的释放得到基本控制,因此,中强度打捞是控制水体AOM的必要强度.     

温度对水华微囊藻及孟氏浮游蓝丝藻生长、光合作用及浮力变化的影响

通过批量培养实验,测定培养过程中藻的生物量、光合放氧速率及浮力等的变化,研究了2种典型水华蓝藻-水华微囊藻及孟氏浮游蓝丝藻在不同温度下的生长和光合作用特征及浮力调控的机制结果表明,水华微囊藻在温度低于13℃时几乎不能生长,高于16℃能缓慢生长,且随着温度升高,生长速率增大;孟氏浮游蓝丝藻在温度为10℃时就能缓慢生长,当温度高于16℃时即能够较好生长;2种藻的生长速率在10～28℃范围内都随温度升高而增大.2种蓝藻在10℃以上均能进行光合作用,且在实验温度范围内(10～28℃)随温度的升高而增强当温度从28℃转至13℃以下温度培养时,2种蓝藻的浮力下降明显,细胞内伪空胞、糖及蛋白质的变化表明,糖的积累使细胞密度增大是细胞浮力下降的主要原因;在72h之内,水华微囊藻和浮游蓝丝藻细胞内糖含量分别增加了2.2倍和2.5倍,这说明温度降低至13℃以下,水华微囊藻下沉趋于休眠,而孟氏游浮蓝丝藻则趋于底栖继续生长;温度升高至13℃以上,水华微囊藻趋于复苏和上浮,而孟氏浮游蓝丝藻趋于浮游.     

固氮蓝藻Nostoc commune和Anabaena azotica Ley耐盐性及机理研究

文章考察了两种固氮蓝藻Nostoc commune（地木耳）和Anabaena azotica Ley（固氮鱼腥藻）在不同浓度Na2CO3（0.2×10^-4～1.8×10^-4g/m l）的BG110培养基中的耐盐性。分别测定了两种固氮蓝藻在不同培养阶段的叶绿素a含量、胞外多糖含量、氨基酸含量和固氮酶活性的变化。研究结果表明两种固氮蓝藻都能在Na2CO3盐胁迫条件下生长,且随着Na2CO3盐胁迫性增加,两种蓝藻的叶绿素a含量、胞外多糖含量、氨基酸含量和固氮酶活性都呈现先增加后减少的趋势;而随着培养天数的增加,两种藻类叶绿素a的变化曲线与微生物的生长曲线很相似,胞外多糖和氨基酸的增长和叶绿素a的增长是同步的,其中,Anabaena azotica Ley的固氮酶活性在培养到21天时达到最大值,Nostoc commune的固氮酶活性在培养到28天时达到最大值;比较而言Anabaena azotica Ley的耐盐性好于Nostoc commune的耐盐性,固氮能力也高于Nostoc commune。     

洱海水华蓝藻多样性初步研究

在对洱海水华藻类长期监测的基础上,报道了洱海水华蓝藻群落中的优势种类共计3属12种,并详细描述其形态特征,进一步讨论了近年来洱海藻类水华的发生特征和演替规律。     

大亚湾大鹏澳海域微表层浮游植物群落研究

为了解微表层中浮游植物群落的动态变化,于2007年5月～2008年4月对大亚湾大鹏澳海域微表层的浮游植物群落进行了调查和分析.共鉴定出浮游植物142种,其中以硅藻、甲藻为主,还有一些种类的蓝藻和红藻、褐藻等大型藻类的丝状幼体.浮游植物细胞数量在1.90×104～8.17×105/L之间,年均值为2.45×105L.该浮游植物群落由硅藻和蓝藻共同主导,细胞数量年均百分比含量分别为48.41%和42.14%,硅藻细胞数量在夏秋季节占绝对优势,冬季则以蓝藻占据优势地位.Shannon-Weaver多样性指数和均匀度均较高,年平均值分别为3.02、0.62.全年没有明显的季节变化规律.调查表明,一定种类和数量的蓝藻的出现是大亚湾微表层浮游植物的重要特征,在一定程度上标志着该海域水质的恶化.     

连续式自清洁蓝藻收集设备的中试研究

近年来湖泊富营养化日益加重,各种除藻技术层出不穷,以机械捞藻法、滤网式收集法、排气分离式收集法等为代表的蓝藻收集方法迅速出现。为了进一步提高蓝藻的收集效率,开发了一种新型的连续式自清洁蓝藻收集设备,以叶绿素a含量为主要指标,判断蓝藻去除效果。在进水泵频率30 Hz,进水压力0.11 MPa的条件下,每间隔30 min洗...     

Pollutant toxicology with respect to microalgae and cyanobacteria

Microalgae and cyanobacteria are fundamental components of aquatic ecosystems. Pollution in aquatic environment is a worldwide problem. Toxicological research on microalgae and cyanobacteria can help to establish a solid foundation for aquatic ecotoxicological assessments. Algae and cyanobacteria occupy a large proportion of the biomass in aquatic environments; thus, their toxicological responses have been investigated extensively. However, the depth of toxic mechanisms and breadth of toxicological investigations need to be improved. While existing pollutants are being discharged into the environment daily, new ones are also being produced continuously. As a result, the phenomenon of water pollution has become unprecedentedly complex. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on five kinds of aquatic pollutants, namely, metals, nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Further, we present information on emerging pollutants such as graphene, microplastics, and ionic liquids. Efforts in studying the toxicological effects of pollutants on microalgae and cyanobacteria must be increased in order to better predict the potential risks posed by these materials to aquatic ecosystems as well as human health.     

饮用水中蓝藻毒素污染研究进展

日趋严重的水体富营养化已成为全球性的环境问题，藻类及藻毒素给传统净水工艺带来了诸多不利影响，增加了水处理难度。对饮用水中蓝藻毒素去除技术进行了具体的论述，系统分析了各种技术的去除效果和局限性，并对藻毒素研究前景进行了展望。     

淀山湖蓝藻碎屑的好氧降解和营养盐释放规律研究

收集淀山湖的水华蓝藻,经超声波处理后,研究死亡蓝藻的好氧降解及营养盐释放规律.结果表明,蓝藻细胞有机碳的矿化速率为9.415mg/(L×d),有机氮的氨化速率为0.441mg/(L×d),有机磷的降解速率为0.044mg/(L×d),好氧降解将会造成溶解态营养盐的大量释放,降解后硝态氮和正磷酸盐分别比初始值高4.22倍和4.20倍.     

Evidences showing 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron-induced DNA damage in cyanobacteria and detection by PCR

The impact of 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron in inducing DNA damage in three species of cyanobacteria-Anabaena fertilissima, Aulosira fertilissima, and Westiellopsis prolifica as evidenced by PCR-based assays: RAPD and 16S rRNA amplification was examined. Exposure of genomic DNA (in vitro) to pencycuron for 4 days did not produce severe damage in DNA fragments of all three cyanobacterial species whereas exposure to 2,4-D ethyl ester markedly inhibited the template activity of genomic DNA compared to untreated cultures of A. fertilissima. In A. fertilissima a single band of approximately 1000?bp was observed even after 16 days of exposure to 60?ppm pencycuron which suggests that certain segments of DNA are resistant to pencycuron DNA damaging effects. However, a significant effect was observed in the case of W. prolifica for 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron where complete disappearance of fragments was not recorded even after 16 days of incubation and interestingly some new DNA bands were induced. Similar to the effects with RAPD profile, amplification of rRNA was significantly inhibited following exposure of genomic DNA to 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron. Our findings clearly demonstrate that pesticide concentrations affected cyanobacterial DNA and lethality of these microbes might be due to irreversible DNA damage. Thus, it is postulated that PCR assays may be conveniently used for screening DNA damage produced by 2,4-D ethyl ester and pencycuron in all three cyanobacteria examined in this study.