浅析新疆发展循环经济的措施

在对循环经济特征及新疆发展循环经济存在的问题进行简要论述的基础上,重点提出了新疆发展循环经济的措施。     

Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty-fruit bunches： Application to environmental problems

Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches （EFB） were investigated to find the suitability of its application for removal of phenol in aqueous solution through adsorption process, Two types of activation namely; thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800℃and physical activation at 150℃ （boiling treatment） were used for the production of the activated carbons. A control （untreated EFB） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced from these processes. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived at the temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity in the aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon at 800℃. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values of pH （2-3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200-300 mg/L）. The equilibrium data fitted better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm compared to the Langmuir. Kinetic studies of phenol adsorption onto activated carbons were also studied to evaluate the adsorption rate. The estimated cost for production of activated carbon from EFB was shown in lower price （USD 0.50/kg of activated carbon） compared the activated carbon from other sources and processes.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Determination of haloacetic acids concentrations in hospital effluent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids(HAAs),a calss of disinfection by-products formed as a result of chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and were found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μg/L and 1.30 μg/L respectively, and the other three are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μg/L under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid is the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

草酸-FeCl3复合淋洗剂对Pb、Zn污染土壤淋洗效果研究

采用草酸-FeCl_3复合淋洗剂对土壤中严重超标的Pb和Zn进行振荡淋洗试验,并研究了淋洗剂浓度、液土比、淋洗时间、淋洗次数等因素对重金属去除效率的影响,采用BCR形态分级法分析淋洗前后重金属形态的变化。结果表明,淋洗剂对土壤中Pb、Zn的去除效果从大到小依次为草酸-FeCl_3复合、FeCl_3、草酸。草酸-FeCl_3复合淋洗剂的最适淋洗条件为草酸浓度0.1 mol/L,FeCl_3浓度0.4 mol/L;淋洗时间8 h;液土比20 m L∶1 g;淋洗1次,Pb去除率达到85.71%,Zn去除率达到78.49%。草酸-FeCl_3复合淋洗剂对土壤中酸溶态、可还原态和可氧化态的Pb和Zn均具有较好的去除效果,有效去除了土壤中生物活性高的Pb和Zn,降低了其环境风险。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备分子筛／SiO2对氨氮的吸附研究

试验研究一种新型的复合材料对废水脱氮的能力,该种材料主要是由分子筛和几种有机和无机材料通过一定的条件合成,以达到节约成本提高利用率的作用。采用溶胶一凝胶法制备分子筛／SiO2复合材料,采用纳试试剂光度法为检测方法,考察了分子筛／SiO2在静态条件下对水中氨氮的吸附性能。通过几组对比试验,如分子筛单体脱氮的实验,分子筛／SiO2复合材料和二氧化硅单体脱氮的实验,实验中测定了时间、pH值、投加量等因素对脱氮除磷的影响,得出最佳吸附条件。结果表明,pH在4～7时对氨氮有较好的吸附性能,吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,产生了复合效应。     

应用次最低空轨道能研究硝基芳烃的生物活性

采用半经验分子轨道ＡＭ１方法计算了１８种硝基芳烃化合物的分子轨道能ＥＨＯＭＯ、ＥＬＵＭＯ、ＥＵＬＵＭＯＥＮＨＯＭＯ,生成热△Ｈｂ,偶极矩μ等量化参数;结合一阶价分子连接性指数Ｘ和正辛醇／水分配系数ｌｏｇＫｏｗ与发光菌的３０ｍｉｎ－半数活性浓度（ＥＣ５０）,黑呆头鱼９６ｈ－急性毒性值建立了包括ＥＮＬＵＭＯ在内的ＱＳＡＲ模式,探讨了硝基芳烃化全物的毒性作用机制,研究表明,硝基芳烃化合物的生物活性不仅与     

漆酶催化复合染料酸性黑ATT脱色的研究

利用白腐菌Ganoderma lucidum wz-32发酵制备的漆酶对印染工业常用的复合染料酸性黑ATT进行催化脱色.在单因子试验的基础上,通过正交优化试验确定酸性黑ATT的最佳脱色条件为:温度50℃,染料浓度0.1 g·L-1,酶量9 U·mL-1,pH 5.0,最适条件下酸性黑ATT的脱色率达87.35%.同时研究了金属离子、酶抑制剂、脱色助剂对酸性黑ATT脱色的影响,结果表明,Co2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Ca2+、I-对脱色有抑制作用,10mmol·L-1的浓度使脱色率降低了50%以上;Na+、Cu2+在低浓度时对脱色有一定的促进作用;SDS显著抑制漆酶的催化脱色作用,浓度为10mmol·L-1时脱色率降低了68%;HBT是高效的脱色助剂,可显著提高漆酶的脱色效率.     

山东临沂大气夏季典型时段臭氧污染特征及其控制因素分析

2020年6月,在山东省临沂城区开展臭氧(O3)及其前体物观测实验,基于观测数据结合MCM光化学模式模拟,对6月中旬O3污染特例生成机理及控制机制进行了分析.结果 发现,尽管观测期间降水较多,一旦天气转晴,O3迅速积累并超标,1-h和8-h φ(O3)超标天数分别为10d(频率32％)和14 d(45％).O3日变化呈...     

复合改性粉煤灰对磷的吸附性能

将粉煤灰（FA）与Na₂CO₃混合焙烧后浸渍负载Fe²⁺,制备了复合改性粉煤灰（CMFA）。通过多种手段对CMFA进行了表征,并将其用于含磷废水的吸附处理。表征结果显示：改性后的粉煤灰表面疏松多孔,比表面积增大了21倍,产生了金属盐类熔出物及羟基氧化铁和羟基官能团。实验结果表明：当初始磷质量浓度为50 mg/L、吸附温度为20 ℃、溶液pH为4.3、CMFA投加量为5 g/L、吸附时间为30 min时,磷去除率可达98.01%,较FA的50.10%大幅提升;20 ℃时,CMFA对磷的饱和吸附量可达22.15 mg/g;用拟二级动力学模型可较准确地描述CMFA对磷的吸附过程,该过程为自发的吸热过程,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,为以离子交换为主的化学吸附。