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501.
文松 《安全.健康和环境》2021,21(1):47-52
针对多起硝酸铵燃爆事故进行了调研,在此基础上对高塔熔体造粒生产硝基复合肥工艺的危险因素进行了分析,并且对此工艺涉及的物料进行了热危险性实验研究;根据调研、分析、研究的结果,提出了保障高塔熔体造粒生产硝基复合肥工艺安全生产的改造建议和生产控制参数。 相似文献
502.
本文以INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B)人为源、FINNv1(Fire Inventory from NCAR version 1)生物质燃烧源、MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature)生物源作为基准源,用2005~2007年3a的OMI观测资料作为参考,使用WRF-chem模式,建立了卫星观测数据与地面排放VOCs源数据的回归方程,通过OMI观测资料的约束,人为源在目前污染最为严重的京津冀、长三角、珠三角3个城市群区域分别增加了1.51倍、1.87倍和1.93倍,生物质燃烧源在3个区域分别增加了12.2倍、6.15倍和2.27倍,生物源在3个区域分别增加了1.66、1.31和1.21倍,增加后的浓度分布与前人研究结论有较好的一致性.使用改进后的源清单模拟结果来看,不同季节,3个区域O3浓度均有不同幅度的增加,各季节增幅较大的区域均主要集中在京津冀、长三角和珠三角中心城市及周边区域,与我国大型城市区基本都是VOCs敏感区的结论一致.整体而言,VOCs源强改进后,NOx敏感区O3浓度增加幅度不大,不超过4×10-9,而部分VOCs敏感区增幅超过20×10-9.本文所提供的方法可进一步改进后在大气污染相关研究中,特别是模式源清单研究中广泛使用. 相似文献
503.
504.
含油污水中固体废物固化与燃煤混烧的可行性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在含油污水处理过程中易产生含油污泥、活性污泥及浮渣等固体废物,利用传统的焚烧法、分离法、填埋法、生物降解法处理这些废物具有一定的缺陷和局限性。为了利用这些废物中的油及有机质的潜在能量,大庆炼化公司对固体废物进行了脱水固化试验。结果表明,脱水后的废物可以达到较好的固化状态,并具有一定的热值。固化废物经粉碎处理后,可按一定比例与燃煤混烧。在正常生产状况下,热电厂可保证混合燃烧的效果,其总体热值不会降低。混烧后的灰渣和炉渣可作为水泥厂的原料。该方法有利于环境保护,但其工业化生产可行性有待于进一步证实。 相似文献
505.
506.
用复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的试验研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文对处理含乳化油废水所用的破乳絮凝剂进行了试验研究.分别采用电解质、无机高分子聚合物及电解质与高分子聚合物复合处理含乳化油废水.结果表明,与采用单一药剂相比,电解质与无机高分子聚合物复合处理含乳化油废水具有投药量小、药剂费用低、处理效果好、pH值适用范围宽等特点.本文还探讨了电解质与无机高分子聚合物复合破乳的机理,并且提出处理不同浓度的含乳化油废水时电解质与高分子聚合物的最佳复配比例及配比规律.还讨论了投加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的协同作用.这些为工业应用提供了必要的技术参数. 相似文献
507.
城市生活垃圾的堆肥研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
城市生活垃圾经动态式堆肥翻堆机处理制成腐熟堆肥,并最终试制成有机复混颗粒肥,二者先后在茶树、数种花卉作物和数种叶菜类蔬菜上进行田间试验,证明有较好的肥效,且成本较低廉,在农业生产上有实际应用的价值。从环境保护角度上看:这种方法是将城市生活垃圾转化为资源化、无害化的一项有意义的举措。 相似文献
508.
Summary. Qualitative and quantitative differences among pear cultivars were found
in constitutive and Cacopsylla-induced volatiles, depending on
experimental treatment of the trees (i.e., uninfested and partly or
completely infested by psyllids). Blend differences were also found
between pear cultivars and wild-type pear, alder and hawthorn–the
latter trees are frequently present in pear orchard
hedgerows. ?Interesting differences were found in the presence of methyl
salicylate and (E,E)-α-farnesene, two compounds previously found to
mediate attraction of predatory bugs towards psyllid-infested pear
trees. Methyl salicylate is expressed constitutively and is induced
systemically by infestation in the whole plant of all four cultivars.
(E,E)-α-farnesene on the other hand showed also systemic induction in
Bartlett, NY10355 and Beurré Hardy, but in partially infested Conference
trees it was induced locally, only in herbivore-damaged leaves. No
methyl salicylate or (E,E)-α-farnesene were identified in honeydew. In
field collected headspace samples of alder leaves infested by aphids and
leaf beetles we found methyl salicylate but no (E,E)-α-farnesene,
whereas in uninfested hawthorn neither were identified. Insight in the
variability of damage-related pear volatiles will have important
implications for integrated pest management in the field.
Received 27 August 2002; accepted 28 November 2002
R1D="
Correspondence to: Petru Scutareanu, e-mail:scuterea@science.uva.nl 相似文献
509.
A bench-scale reactor(72 L) red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes: traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operation mode on the system performance and to develop a feasible control strategy. Results obtained from fixed-time control study indicate that the variations of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) profiles can represent dynamic characteristics of system and the cycle sequences can be controlled and optimized by the control points on the pH and ORP profiles. A control strategy was, therefore, developed and applied to real-time control mode. Compared with traditional mode, the total nitrogen(TN) removal can be increased by approximately 16% in modified mode and a mean TN removal of 92% was achieved in real-time control mode. Moreover, approximately 12.5% aeration energy was saved in real- time control mode. The result of this study shows that the performance of nitrogen removal was enhanced in modified operation mode. Moreover, the real-time control made it possible to optimize process operation and save aeration energy. 相似文献
510.
A novel microeconomic formalism for chemical processes is applied to air stripping of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous streams in a conventional packed tower. A simplified conceptual process model is combined with techno-economic aggregation rules to obtain an engineering production function, which relates process inputs (capital, material, labor, and energy) to output (stripped water flow rate). Process relationships determine column length and diameter required to achieve a specified VOC percent recovery from an aqueous stream of given composition and flow rate. Total capital is determined using a defined capital unit (1 capital unit=10 foot of 6-inch schedule 40 carbon steel welded pipe=$122, Jan. 1990) to put all installed capital equipment on the same basis and multiplying by 3.37 to account for the necessary plant infrastructure. Process labor is obtained from an empirical correlation, which relates workerhours to mass throughput. Simulations were made for four systems comprised from each of two representative random packings (i.e. 25-mm plastic Pall rings and 25-mm ceramic Raschig rings) and two model VOCs (i.e. 1,2-dichloroethane and trichloroethylene). Several examples are given, and process, technical and economic analyses of the results are presented. Two-dimensional (capital-energy) optimization was effective in determining the least cost combination of inputs for a plant to produce a specified output of stripped water. Furthermore, conventional economic models (e.g. Cobb-Douglas model) and associated methods (e.g. linear programming) were shown to be ineffective for air stripping plant design and optimization. Moreover, increasing returns to scale with economies of scale (declining long-run average cost) are prevalent. 相似文献