巴里富碳酸盐硫化物尾矿中重金属的赋存状态

本文以广西大厂锡石-硫化物矿区巴里尾矿库的富碳酸盐尾矿(堆放了20余年)作为研究对象,采用BCR三步提取法研究Zn、Cd、Pb和As的化学形态分量以及其总含量在该尾矿铅垂剖面中的分布,并结合尾矿的结构构造、次生和原生矿物成分及其变化等分析,探讨在氧化/酸化条件下富碳酸盐尾矿中重金属的释放机制。研究结果表明:(1)尾矿下层原尾矿中重金属主要以稳定或较稳定的残渣态(As、Pb、Zn、Cd)、氧化物结合态(Pb)及硫化物结合态(Zn、Cd)形式赋存。在酸水淋滤作用下,原尾矿中重金属的释放顺序为Cd≈ZnPbAs;(2)尾矿上部厚层状氧化硬层(厚度1~1.5m)中,Zn、Cd以酸可溶态大量富集,具有较强的迁移性;As、Pb主要以残渣态以及氧化物结合态赋存,其迁移性较差。因此,富含碳酸盐的硫化物尾矿经过氧化作用具有释放多种重金属的潜能。由于这类尾矿中各重金属的赋存状态存在差异性,因此对其迁移性及环境效应须具体分析。     

GEOCHEMICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF GROUNDWATER FLOW SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT. Interest in the geochemistry of groundwater is increasing owing to the great number of current projects involving underground liquid waste storage, artificial recharge of potable water, accidental contamination of groundwater bodies, sanitary landfills, and pollution monitoring. Geochemical techniques used to facilitate the understanding of a groundwater system range from extremely simple to those requiring sophisticated theories, equipment, and procedures. An interpretation of the simple trilinear diagram for samples collected from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico provided evidence that the fresh-water body was only a few tens of meters thick and was underlain everywhere by an extensive body of salt water. A geochemical technique that has been used effectively to identify the source of salt water in coastal aquifers is measurement of the carbon-14 concentrations. Carbon-14 has been used in a regional carbonate aquifer to determine the velocity of groundwater movement, rates of chemical reactions, and distribution of hydraulic conductivity. The application of principles of irreversible thermodynamics to groundwater systems provides a basis for constructing models which permit prediction, over both time and space, of changes in head distribution and chemical character of the water resulting from imposed stresses on the system. In essence, proper application of irreversible thermodynamics combines the potential theory of Hubbert with principles of reversible chemical thermodynamics, such as solution of carbonate minerals, to describe and explain controlling chemical reactions and processes of groundwater systems.     

PATTERNS OF WATERSHED MONTHLY RUNOFF1

ABSTRACT: Two dimensional sliding polynomials were adapted to pattern analysis of watershed monthly rainfall and runoff. Contours of runoff in the two-dimensional space of time and rainfall are constructed on a grid of 16 nodes whose values are determined by least squares. This method is form free, hence derived patterns are not biased to selected functional forms, but can directly represent the smoothed data. Values of the nodes are localized averages of the data constrained by required mathematical continuity across the grid of values. An advantage of the method is that the standard deviation can be calculated for each node, thus producing patterns of uncertainty of the deterministic component revealed by the data.     

循环式复合水解酸化—CASS—絮凝沉淀组合工艺处理化工园区废水

采用循环式复合水解酸化—CASS—絮凝沉淀组合工艺处理江苏省某化工园区污水厂的实际废水(COD260~815 mg/L、ρ(氨氮)19.15~40.41 mg/L、TN 22.51~50.66 mg/L、TP 0.79~3.21 mg/L),考察了污染物浓度的沿程变化,评价了各工段对主要污染物的去除效果。实验结果表明,组合工艺对废水有着较好的处理效果,平均COD、氨氮、TN、TP的去除率分别高达83.29%、95.34%、61.29%、82.70%,平均出水COD、ρ(氨氮)、TN、TP分别为56.2,1.27,14.34,0.33 mg/L,出水水质接近GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

Industrial system for mitigation of vapor cloud explosions

The oil industry operates installations and processes with important quantities of flammable substances within a wide range of pressures and temperatures. A particular hazard for this type of installations is an accidental release of a large quantity of flammable material resulting in a devastating vapor cloud explosion.Extensive research was conducted to assess the efficiency of chemicals for inhibition of flames. Especially alkali metal compounds (especially carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium and potassium) have shown to be one of the more efficient flame inhibitor species.In this paper, the principles of flame inhibition by alkali metal compounds are briefly explained. Based on these principles, a practical implementation of an industrial system for chemical inhibition of vapor cloud explosions is discussed. This implementation is based on the use of dry powders of carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium and potassium as flame inhibitor species.The efficiency of the final design of the inhibition system was tested and confirmed on a very large scale in Vapor Cloud Explosion tests in California (US) in September 2016. Several projects in TOTAL were identified in which the VCE inhibition technology is implemented (new cracker units in Daesan (South-Korea) and in Port Arthur (United States)).     

工业园区产业规划循环经济模式分析与改进研究——以银川望远工业园区开展循环经济模式为例

循环经济是实现工业园区可持续发展的最佳模式,概述了循环经济理论和工业园区开展循环经济的最佳模式—生态工业园的概念,结合银川望远工业园区循环经济实施方案,对方案进行了分析和论证,并提出该工业园区建设生态工业园的进一步循环经济模式。     

Experimental study on biomass advanced reburning for nitrogen oxides reduction

Advanced reburning (AR) is effective for nitrogen oxides (NO_x) reduction, which integrates the basic reburning (BR) with the injection of nitrogen agents and additive compounds. The basic reburning of poplar, cornstalk, wheat-straw and peanut shell, is studied on a boiler simulator facility (BSF). The influence of operating parameters and the synergistic effect of the injection of ammonia, urea or/and sodium carbonate on NO_x reduction are investigated. The results show that an efficiency of 54–67% NO_x reduction could be achieved during the basic reburning process under the optimum operating conditions and the efficiency would be increased if nitrogen agent is injected with the over-fire air or into the burnout zone. Further, co-injection of sodium carbonate with the nitrogen agent could make the NO_x reduction process more thorough. On the whole, 85–92% NO_x reduction could be achieved during the advanced reburning process with a reburning fuel heat input of 15–20%.     

全球系统科学若干问题

全球系统科学是一门关于人类圈同地球圈层关系的学问。本文主要讨论(1)全球系统科学的研究对象;(2)全球系统的进化规律;(3)地球的最新圈层,(4)地球演化的新突变期;(5)全球问题的实质和前景等问题。     

浅谈循环经济科技支撑体系的建设

循环经济是以科学发展观为统领，以先进的科学技术为基础，以低消耗、低排放、高效率为特征的集约化、内涵式经济增长模式。为了促使我国走上循环经济发展之路，就必须建立循环经济科技支撑体系，即以政府为主导、企业为主体、社会化服务机构健全的循环经济科技创新体系和完善的循环经济科技政策体系、法律法规体系以及绿色文化与教育体系。     

纳米碳酸钙碳化法生产方法研究

简要介绍了碳化法生产纳米碳酸钙工艺流程。重点探讨了其中的碳化方法，获知目前我国主要有鼓泡碳化、喷雾碳化和超重力碳化等的碳化工艺。同时着重探讨了碳化反应的机理，并以此为依据讨论和比较了鼓泡碳化、喷雾碳化和超重力碳化3种碳化工艺。