微生物菌粉与菌液矿化固结Zn~(2+)的研究与对比

利用碳酸盐矿化菌在底物诱导下的酶化作用,分解产生碳酸根离子,矿化固结环境(土壤水体)当中的游离重金属离子,减少其危险。文章以Zn2+溶液模拟重金属离子污染体系,研究过程中发现,生产的矿化产物主要是ZnO.5(OH)62(CO)3。分别用菌粉和菌液进行微生物矿化试验,对矿化产物进行底物分解率,SEM,XRD,矿化粒径的对比研究。从对比研究结果看,菌粉复活后,可以达到与菌液基本相同的矿化效果。而菌粉相对于菌液而言,其主要优势在于能长时间储存,产品体积小,运输起来更方便,因此,菌粉具有更广泛的应用性。     

毛乌素沙地土地利用/覆被变化对草地土壤物理、化学和矿物学性质的影响

In arid and semiarid regions, cultivation and shrub invasion are two important factors to impact grassland. However, there are few studies to compare the effects of cultivation and shrub invasion on soil physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. In this study, three sampling sites, which respectively represent the native grassland, cultivated grassland (farmland), and shrub invasion of grassland (shrub land) in Mu Us sand land, were selected and soil samples were collected and measured for soil particle size distribution (PSD), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) concentrations, and relative percentages of mineralogical components. Results showed that cultivation and shrub invasion significantly altered the soil PSD, soil C, N and P concentrations and pools, and the relative percentages of soil mineralogical components of the grassland ecosystems. Grassland cultivation and shrub invasion significantly decreased the contents of silt and clay. Moreover, the land cover change from grassland to farmland or shrubland significantly resulted in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and soil carbonate loss. In this study, we found that grassland cultivation resulted in more sand accumulation and more soil C and N losses than shrub invasion, which indicated that grassland cultivation was stronger than shrub invasion to accelerate soil desertification in Mu Us sand land.     

微生物燃料电池降解焦化废水过程研究

焦化废水生化处理流程复杂，污染物降解过程尚不明确，构建无膜空气阴极焦化废水微生物燃料电池，利用循环伏安法、红外分析、微生物群落结构等分析考察了焦化废水的降解过程中，各类有机物含量变化、官能团的变化、有机物异步降解次序及优势菌种的演替.焦化废水中含硫无机物被优先降解，酚类降解次之，含氮污染物历经好氧硝化与厌氧反硝化降解过程，但落后于前者；长链烷烃类降解缓慢；生物群落结构与底物中有机物种类密切相关，初期Desulfurella优先氧化含硫污染物、Flavobacterium降解酚类次之、Nitrospirae氧化降解NH₄⁺-N较为缓慢，随时间延长Alcaligenes、Thiobacillus演变为优势菌落，实现了酚类的降解及NO₃^-的反硝化降解；电池输出电压为470.9mV，最高输出功率密度达12.5mW/cm²，COD、T_phenols、T_surful、TN、NH₄⁺-N的降解分别为85.8%、83.3%、87.5%、43.8%、89.9%.利用微生物燃料电池技术处理焦化废水，一步实现水质净化及能量回收，为废水生物处理控制提供理论和实践参考.     

有色冶炼重金属废水回用研究

通过对株洲冶炼厂重金属废水回用结垢问题的研究，针对其垢样主要属碳酸钙垢型的特点，提出以投加高效低剂量的阻垢剂作为防止结垢的主要方法，运行证明，该防止结垢方法具有明显的经济效益和环境效益，应用前景广阔。     

用含锰废水生产高纯碳酸锰

介绍了用含锰废水生产高纯碳酸锰的原理和工艺条件,生产出的高纯碳酸锰产品质量可以达到了ＧＢ１０５０３－８９Ⅱ型一等品标准,此法具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Applying real-time control to enhance the performance of nitrogen removal in CAST system

A bench-scale reactor（72 L） red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes： traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operation mode on the system performance and to develop a feasible control strategy. Results obtained from fixed-time control study indicate that the variations of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） profiles can represent dynamic characteristics of system and the cycle sequences can be controlled and optimized by the control points on the pH and ORP profiles. A control strategy was, therefore, developed and applied to real-time control mode. Compared with traditional mode, the total nitrogen（TN） removal can be increased by approximately 16% in modified mode and a mean TN removal of 92% was achieved in real-time control mode. Moreover, approximately 12.5% aeration energy was saved in real- time control mode. The result of this study shows that the performance of nitrogen removal was enhanced in modified operation mode. Moreover, the real-time control made it possible to optimize process operation and save aeration energy.     

企业循环经济发展的探讨

阐述了循环经济的概念;认为现代企业管理应当由原来的企业经济系统管理向企业生态与经济的复合系统管理转变,实行企业循环经济管理;企业应当把资源循环利用和环境保护纳入企业总体的创新、开发和经营的战略中去,建立“绿色技术”体系和“绿色营销”体系,实行全过程控制。     

高负荷厌氧生物反应器的三元酸碱缓冲体系特征与调控

高负荷是升流式(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed, UASB)、内循环厌氧反应器(internal circulation, IC)和厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR)等厌氧生物反应器发展的趋势,也是实现"沼气升级(biogas upgrading)"的难点.挥发性有机酸(volatile fatty acids, VFAs)和溶解性无机碳(total inorganic carbon, TIC)既是厌氧消化必经的中间产物,又与氨氮等弱碱共同影响高负荷厌氧消化过程的pH变化,并决定着沼气中的甲烷含量.VFAs、TIC和氨氮构成的三元pH酸碱缓冲体系是高负荷厌氧消化"沼气升级"的关键操作条件.本文总结了高负荷厌氧消化过程中pH变化规律和影响,针对不同VFAs/氨氮关系的形成机制,分析了高负荷厌氧消化碳酸盐缓冲体系特征及其对沼气CH_4/CO_2构成的影响.以厌氧膜生物反应器为例,讨论了近年来基于pH在线监测和调控方法、理论模型方面的研究进展,同时对未来的重点研究方向提出展望,以期为今后的高负荷AnMBR研发提供参考.     

水中碳酸盐硬度与非碳酸盐硬度的测定方法探讨

对水中碳酸盐硬度与非碳酸盐硬度的测定方法作了探讨，试验结果表明，水样于电炉上加热煮沸6min后，碳酸盐硬度可基本消除，冷却后测定的硬度即为非碳酸盐硬度，从总硬度中减去非碳酸盐硬度，即为水样的碳酸盐硬度。     

碳酸镁与铅的吸附和沉淀作用研究

本文系统研究了铅离子在不同初始pH值(4和7)和初始浓度(0~3 mmol/L)条件下与碳酸镁的相互作用。研究结果表明,由于碳酸镁的溶解作用和中和作用,体系的最终pH值保持在10.5左右;随着铅初始浓度的增加,体系的平衡pH值有增加的趋势,在大于0.75 mmol/L后p H值的变化不大;铅的平衡浓度随着初始浓度的增加而增加,在大于0.75 mmol/L后基本稳定;碳酸镁对铅的吸附等温线为折线型,在低浓度时的反应主要为表面配位吸附,而在高浓度时则发生表面沉淀,有Pb_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_2生成。