特殊地形地貌区燃煤电厂灰场防渗对策

结合环评实例,介绍了位于特殊地形地貌区燃煤电厂灰场的防渗对策,主要包括位于风化灰岩区、喀斯特地貌区和湿陷性黄土区灰场的防渗措施,从而为特殊地貌区灰场周边水资源保护提供借鉴。     

低压电器产品常见的湿热试验

介绍低压电器产品常见的湿热试验和相应试验参数,从而认识低压电器元器件和低压成套设备两大类产品湿热试验项目通常考核目的和意义,对低压电器实际检测的了解有更进一步的帮助。     

Biogas upgrading and utilization from ICEs towards stationary molten carbonate fuel cell systems

Biogas production from anaerobic digestion has increased rapidly in the last years, in many parts of the world, mainly due to its local scale disposition and to its potential on greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions mitigation. Biogas can be used as fuel for combined heat and power systems (CHP), in particular for internal combustion engines (ICEs). In recent investigations, fuel cells have been considered as alternative CHP systems. In the present article, two different energy conversion systems are compared: a 1.4 MW class MCFC system, running on pipeline natural gas, and an in situ ICE, running on biogas. In the first case, biogas is considered as a source fuel to obtain upgraded gas to be injected in the natural gas grid. In such scenario, the location of the fuel cell power plant is no longer strictly connected to the anaerobic digester site. Several energy balances are evaluated, considering different upgrading techniques and different biogas methane/carbon dioxide ratios.     

循环式活性污泥工艺协同处理榨菜废水与城镇污水脱氮效果

利用CASS工艺协同处理高盐高氮榨菜有机废水和生活污水,针对协同处理碳源不足问题,提出以榨菜废水和甲醇作为碳源的两种碳源投加方案,对比分析了CASS工艺在运行周期为8 h、排水比为30%、回流比为100%、预处理后的榨菜废水掺入比为20%的条件下,分别以榨菜废水和甲醇补充碳源及不外加碳源3种情况的脱氮效果。实验结果表明,不外加碳源时,协同处理进水C/N小于3∶1,系统脱氮效果差,出水总氮不达标;以榨菜废水和甲醇为碳源提高C/N至4∶1～5∶1时,系统脱氮效果提高,出水总氮满足GB18918-2002一级B标排放标准;盐度的变化对微生物活性产生的抑制作用,当盐度升高0.1%±0.02%时,微生物系统恢复时间为10 d,而当盐度降低0.1%±0.02%时,微生物系统恢复时间为15 d。     

三维粒子电极处理染料废水的效能及机制

以自制的负载Sb掺杂Sn O2的陶瓷颗粒为粒子电极,构建三维电极体系,对其处理活性艳红X-3B废水的效能进行研究,并借助于循环伏安曲线、羟基自由基的荧光光谱检测技术对三维粒子电极体系的电催化氧化机制进行研究。结果表明,优化槽电压为13 V,处理时间为60 min时,三维电极体系对活性艳红X-3B废水的COD去除率和相应能耗分别为85.6%与16.8 k W·h/(kg COD),与二维电极体系相比COD去除率提高了32.9%,能耗降低了33.3%。UV-Vis吸收光谱分析表明电催化氧化技术可以破坏活性艳红X-3B分子中的偶氮键、苯环和萘环,将大分子降解为小分子。电催化氧化机制研究表明,在本实验条件下三维电极主要通过间接氧化而不是直接氧化提高电催化氧化效能,即在三维粒子电极体系中羟基自由基的产生量多于二维电极体系,从而实现高效低耗处理活性艳红X-3B废水。     

Ultrasensitive determination of carbendazim in water and orange juice using a carbon paste electrode

A carbon paste electrode was used for the electrochemical quantification of carbendazim in water and orange juice samples. Carbendazim oxidation on the electrode surface was found to be controlled by adsorption. The novel electrochemical procedure for carbendazim quantification employed differential pulse voltammetry using a carbon paste electrode under optimal conditions. Carbendazim oxidation currents were linear at concentrations of 2.84 to 45.44 µg L^?1, with a limit of detection of 0.96 µg L^?1. The proposed method was applied to carbendazim quantification in ultrapurified water, river water, and orange juice. Recovery rates in water and orange juice samples were in the 97%–101% range, indicating that the method can be employed to determine carbendazim in these matrices, with advantages including shorter analysis time and lower cost than routine methods such as chromatography or spectroscopy. The electrode showed good reproducibility, remarkable stability, and especially good surface renewability by simple mechanical polishing. The recovery rates observed were highly concordant with those obtained for high-performance liquid chromatography, having a relative standard deviation of less than 1.3%.     

3种运行模式下CAST工艺脱氮性能

以模拟城市污水为处理对象,采用循环式活性污泥法(CAST)反应器,对3种运行模式(M1:常规模式,M2:缺氧好氧模式、M3:缺氧好氧交替模式)下系统的脱氮性能进行了研究,比较了各模式下CAST反应器的氨氮和总氮的去除效率,并对各模式下典型周期内氮基质浓度变化进行了考察,以确定系统的脱氮模式。结果表明,在氨氮去除不成为限制条件(去除率90%)的条件下,3种运行模式下系统总氮的平均去除率分别为67.3%、70.6%和82.4%,以缺氧好氧交替模式下的最高;M1、M2和M3均可实现亚硝酸型硝化,但随着温度的升高,亚硝酸型硝化逐渐消失。静态实验分析表明,3种模式下系统的氨氧化速率大小次序为:vN:M1vN:M2vN:M3,反硝化速率大小次序为:vDN,M2vDN,M3vDN,M1。     

CAST工艺不同运行模式对系统除磷性能的影响研究

采用循环式活性污泥法（CAST）处理人工配水,研究了3种不同运行模式下CAST工艺对磷酸盐的去除情况,分析了不同运行模式下每个周期内磷酸盐的变化规律以及CAST反应器的除磷途径,通过缺氧吸磷速率和好氧吸磷速率得到了3种运行模式下系统内反硝化聚磷菌占总聚磷菌的大概比例。研究表明：系统稳定后,3种运行模式下出水磷酸盐浓度的平均值分别为0．48、0．15和0．04mg／L,平均去除率分别为90．03％、96．91％和99．07％;CAST系统除磷是在传统聚磷菌和反硝化聚磷菌的共同作用下完成的,其中3种不同运行模式下系统内反硝化聚磷菌占总聚磷菌的大概比例分别81．1％、77．1％和79．7％。     

变温环境下典型胶黏剂对光纤光栅传感器应变传递特性的影响

目的 验证粘贴式FBG传感器对宽温度环境的适应性。方法 通过高低温循环试验研究温度对传感性能的影响。对FBG传感器安装参数进行分析和优化设计,用353ND、UHU PLUS、ergo 5800和502等4种胶黏剂在铝合金表面粘贴安装FBG传感器,制成FBG测试样件。对测试样件进行高低温循环测试,测试试验前后FBG的传感性能,分析高低温循环对FBG传感性能的影响情况。结果 高低温循环后,FBG传感器中心波长产生了0.015～0.642 nm偏移,传感器灵敏度下降范围为0.563%～2.07%。结论 在实际选择FBG传感器胶黏剂时,需特别关注胶黏剂的温度适用范围参数,以减少胶黏剂温度适应性对测试结果的影响,提高测量精度。     

单向循环加载下花岗岩力学特性及红外分析

为了探究单向循环加卸载作用对花岗岩力学特性的影响,开展了室内循环加卸载试验。选择5次和10次循环及12%,24%,36%,48%和60%的强度振幅对花岗岩进行循环加卸载预处理,进而测试其强度,并同步进行红外AIRT检测、红外热成像分析及温度场的频数直方图分析。研究结果表明:循环加卸载对岩石起先加强后削弱的作用,36%振幅10次循环预处理条件下的花岗岩综合性能较好;岩石破坏由局部应力集中所致,并揭示出岩石破坏伴随着能量积聚到释放过程。说明循环加卸载在一定条件下存在积极效应,且红外检测对岩石破坏的应力集中特性及灾害演化研究有较好的优越性。