西南氟病区典型高氟土壤的地球化学特征及氟富集原因

贵阳市高氟土壤的成土母岩主要为三叠系松子坎组泥质灰岩与泥质白云岩。研究区内表层土壤最高值是全国均值的8.2倍,深层土壤最高值是全国均值的12倍。土壤中氟富集的主要原因为土壤粘粒组分吸收富集了基岩风化过程中释放出来的氟,在基岩氟含量较高的地区,这一过程导致土壤氟含量达到极高水平。在碳酸盐岩区发育程度不同的土壤氟含量差别较大,氟主要富集在土壤粘化层,土壤中含粘土矿物和非晶质矿物越多的层位,氟含量越高。     

Biocontainment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on flat concrete surfaces by microbial carbonate precipitation

In this study, a biosealant obtained from microbial carbonate precipitation (MCP) was evaluated as an alternative to an epoxy-coating system. A bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii strain ATCC 11859, which metabolizes urea and precipitates calcite in a calcium-rich environment, was used in this study to generate the biosealant on a PCB-contaminated concrete surface. Concrete cylinders measuring 3 in (76.2 mm) by 6 in (152.4 mm) were made in accordance with ASTM C33 and C192 and used for this purpose. The PCB, urea, Ca(2+), and bacterial cell concentrations were set at 10 ppm, 666 mM, 250 mM, and about 2.1 × 10(8) cells mL(-1), respectively. The results indicate that the biosealed surfaces reduced water permeability by 1-5 orders of magnitude, and had a high resistance to carbonation. Since the MCP biosealant is thermally stable under temperatures of up to 840 °C, the high temperatures that normally exist in the surrounding equipment, which may contain PCB-based fluids, have no effect on the biosealed surfaces. Consequently, there is greater potential to obtain a stronger, coherent, and durable surface by MCP. No measurable amount of PCBs was detected in the permeating water, indicating that the leaching water, if any, will have a minimum impact on the surrounding environment.     

Precipitation of Magnesium Carbonates as a Function of Temperature, Solution Composition, and Presence of a Silicate Mineral Substrate

Abstract Precipitation of carbonate minerals can play important roles in geological carbon sequestration and engineered processes for mineral carbonation. Influences of temperature, solution composition, and the presence of a solid substrate on the nucleation and precipitation of magnesium carbonate minerals were examined in a set of batch experiments. Conditions studied are relevant to full-scale geological carbon sequestration systems. Aqueous phase analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry quantified the extent of precipitation. X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted to identify solids. Temperature significantly affected the identity of the solid obtained. At 25°C and 60°C the solids were magnesium carbonate minerals, and at 100°C the solid phase was identified as brucite [Mg(OH)2]. Although magnesite (MgCO3) was predicted to be the most thermodynamically stable magnesium carbonate phase, no magnesite precipitated and instead metastable magnesium carbonate phases formed. Evolution of d...     

微氧环境中电化学活性微生物的分离与鉴定

电化学活性微生物在金属、碳等元素的生物地球化学循环,以及生物能源合成中具有重要作用.与微生物燃料电池厌氧阳极相比,微氧阳极能够捕集更多电能.但是相比于厌氧阳极中功能微生物的广泛研究,微氧阳极中的功能微生物还未被分离和研究.本研究采用传统好氧分离技术从微生物燃料电池微氧阳极分离获得3株纯菌Aeromonas sp.WS-XY2、Citrobacter sp.WS-XY3和Bacterium strain WS-XY4,其中WS-XY2和WS-XY3属于变形菌门,WS-XY4初步鉴定为新种.循环伏安、计时电流结果表明3株菌均具有电化学活性,且具有相似的直接胞外电子传递机制.3株菌在微生物分类学和电化学性质上的异同,表明微氧阳极能够定向筛选具有相似电化学性质的电化学活性微生物.微生物燃料电池微氧阳极具有更高效多样的功能微生物,可能是微氧阳极性能优于厌氧阳极的一个原因.因此,进一步针对微生物燃料电池微氧阳极中功能微生物的研究,将有助于阐明微氧阳极提高微生物燃料电池电能捕集的微生物机制.     

The effects of phosphorus-free inhibitors on the ignition of lycopodium dust

The minimum ignition temperature of dust suspension (MIT) and the hot surface ignition temperature of the dust layer (LIT) are essential safety parameters for the process industry. However, the knowledge of the ignition behavior when solid mixtures of flammable fuels and phosphorous-free inhibitors are considered is still scarce and further experimental and theoretical analyses are requested. In this work, the ignition temperature of phosphorous-free inhibitors (coal fly ash and calcium carbonate) mixed with lycopodium dust have been studied in terms of LIT analysis (hot plate thickness: 5 mm, 12.5 mm and 15 mm), and by the Godbert-Greenwald test for the MIT. Both coal fly ash and calcium carbonate have been tested at different concentrations and particle sizes.Results show that the effects of the inhibitor can be counter-productive when layer ignition temperature is considered even if the minimum ignition temperature of the dust suspension shows a positive effect from the safety point of view. This behavior has been analyzed in the terms of thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the mixture, by using Maxwell's equation for two-phase solid mixtures. Standard empirical correlations for the ignition temperature of solid mixtures have been also tested, showing their weakness in reproducing mixture behavior.     

光合微生物燃料电池处理餐厨沼液的性能研究

采用小球藻作为双室光合藻微生物燃料电池（PAMFC）的阴极以提供电子受体,实现污水处理和能量回收的双重目的.研究生物阴极接种方式和光照条件对生物产电性能和餐厨沼液废水处理效果的影响,并通过循环伏安法（CV）研究PAMFC电极极化和产电机制.结果表明：微藻生物膜阴极PAMFC污染物去除和产电性能表现优于对照组,COD,TN和TP去除率最高可达82.4%,54.5%和82.3%,开路电压和最大功率密度分别达603.0mV和41.5mW/m².污染物去除主要在阳极发生,但阴极能够还原去除来自阳极的铵根离子,且阴极反应产生氧气作为阳极的电子受体,增大系统电流,提高了阳极处理效率.持续光照下,PAMFC产电性能和污染物去除率略高于间歇光照,但是间歇光照可以避免阳极基质不足时阴极光饱和和氧饱和情况,更符合连续运行要求.PAMFC阴极的CV曲线显示,具有微藻阴极的实验组输出电压更大,还原峰更高,功率密度更强,但需注意长期运行时微藻生物膜增厚影响氧传质效率的问题.     

哈得油田污水循环利用技术的研究应用

针对哈得油田生产过程中存在的注水水量不够和蒸发池负荷过大的问题,哈得油田对蒸发池污水循环利用技术开展了论证和实践。通过对清洁生产技术的应用,哈得油田将外排污水回收循环利用,减少了清水用量,实现了哈得油田作业区污水零排放,为同行业开展污水循环利用提供参考和借鉴。     

活性滤料滤池过滤性能研究

为了研究进水浓度、水力停留时间和供气量对活性滤料滤池过滤性能的影响,以石英砂作为过滤介质,以高岭土悬浊液模拟配水进行试验,测试不同条件下滤池对SS的去除效果.结果表明:有效过滤高度为700 mm的活性滤料滤池在HRT为10 min、SS为45 mg·L^-1左右时,砂循环周期应为24 h以内;进水SS的浓度和供气量基本不影响活性滤料滤池的过滤性能;随着停留时间的增加,活性滤料滤池对SS去除率逐渐增加;活性滤料滤池用于出水SS由一级B标准提高到一级A标准的合理停留时间应为7.5~10 min,最佳供气范围为7.96~26.53 L·m^-2·min^-1.     

青海湖老碳效应的时空变化初步研究

本文通过对青海湖周边的湖水和河流DOC、DIC浓度、~(14)C浓度,以及1F孔不同深度13个碳酸盐的~(14)C年代分析,厘清青海湖老碳效应空间分布情况。研究表明:在空间上,青海湖DIC和DOC的~(14)C的老碳各条河流分布极不均匀,南边的老碳效应明显比北边小,河流的老碳明显比湖水偏老,引起青海湖沉积物老碳效应的原因极有可能是由于北边主要河流将流域内的老碳输入湖区引起,并非由于湖水和大气的交换不畅引起的碳库效应。在时间尺度上,碳酸盐~(14)C的老碳平均值比有机碳的~(14)C老碳平均值偏老。由于入湖物质的变化,在全新世前,有机碳和碳酸盐的老碳比全新世后偏老。     

循环型企业“三链”融合发展的途径与政策——以晋江东风橡胶有限公司为例

企业是发展循环经济的主体,循环型企业是建设生态文明的重要力量.从“技术链、产品链、价值链”融合发展的视角,分析循环型企业“三链”融合的概念内涵和重点工作,以福建省晋江东风橡胶有限公司为案例,研究循环型企业“三链”融合发展的实现途径,并从政府经济管理角度,提出推进循环型企业“三链”融合发展的政策体系,为解决循环型企业发展中面临的资源环境压力、技术创新不足等现实问题提供决策参考.