In situ bioremediation of a hydrocarbon polluted site with cyclodextrin as a coadjuvant to increase bioavailability

Bioavailability is one main factor that influences the extent of biodegradation of hydrocarbons. They are very poorly soluble in water and easily adsorbed to clay or humus fractions, so they pass very slowly to the aqueous phase where they are metabolised by microorganisms. Cyclodextrins are natural compounds that form soluble inclusion complexes with hydrophobic molecules and increase degradation rate of hydrocarbons in vitro. In the perspective of an in situ application, we previously checked that -cyclodextrin does not increase eluviation of hydrocarbons through the soil and consequently does not increase the risk of groundwater pollution. The results of an in situ application of -cyclodextrin for bioremediation of a hydrocarbon polluted site are presented. We stated that the combination of bioaugmentation and enhanced bioavailability due to -cyclodextrin was effective for a full degradation.     

环糊精对Fe(Ⅲ)引发双酚A光降解的影响

环糊精口α-CD、β-CD和γ-CD能分别与双酚A形成1:1主-客体包结物.在250W金属卤化物灯(λ≥365 nm)光照下,研究了在Fe(Ⅲ)-OH配合物体系中,不同环糊精对双酚A光降解的影响.结果表明,β-CD能较大地促进双酚A的光降解,α-CD次之,而γ-CD对双酚A的光降解存在一定的抑制;并且CDs浓度的变化对双酚A光降解的初始速率有明显的影响.双酚A光降解的初始速率随着β-CD和α-CD浓度增大而增加,当β-CD=60μmol/L时达到最大,然后随着浓度增大而降低,而BPA的光降解初始速率随γ-CD浓度的增加总的趋势是减小的.通过计算机软件Gaussian98,采用PM3方法模拟了环糊精与双酚A的包结行为,进一步说明3种环糊精与双酚A形成主-客体包结物对光降解的影响.     

β-环糊精对对硝基苯酚微生物降解的影响

通过对对硝基苯酚微生物降解过程的研究，探讨了在降解过程中加入环糊精对对硝基苯酚降解的影响。研究表明，对硝基苯酚不能单独被降解；葡萄糖能与对硝基苯酚产生共代谢作用；环糊精不能单独与对硝基苯酚产生共代谢作用。在葡萄糖存在的情况下，加入环糊精能影响对硝基苯酚的降解率，且影响的程度与对硝基苯酚的浓度和环糊精的浓度有关，在对硝基苯酚浓度较低时，加入环糊精会延缓对硝基苯酚的降解；当对硝基苯酚浓度较高时，加入环糊精会促进对硝基苯酚的降解。     

Removal of bisphenol a in soil by cyclodextrin derivatives

The apparent aqueous solubility of the endocrine disruptor in hydroxypropyl‐cyclodextrin (HP‐CD) solutions was investigated for evaluating the remediation of soil contamination and ground water pollution. The apparent solubility of bisphenol A (BPA) in water was significantly increased in HP‐CD solutions. The solubilization effect of HP‐CD's is caused by the formation of inclusion complexes of BPA and cyclodextrin. The relative aqueous‐phase concentration of BPA linearly increased with increasing HP‐CD concentration. The solubility of BPA increased in the order of the addition of HP‐a‐CD, HP‐7‐CD, and HP‐ß‐CD. However, it did not depend upon the degree of hydroxypropylation substitution. It is concluded that HP‐CD may be utilized for the remediation of soil contamination.     

类Fenton试剂氧化降解土壤中PAHs及其影响因素研究

使用类Fenton试剂可以有效降解土壤中的多环芳烃（PAHs）。选择4种PAHs菲、芘、苯并[a]芘、茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘作为考察对象,研究了类Fenton试剂对土壤中PAHs的降解条件。单因素降解实验结果表明,在H2O2浓度为0.5mol/L,Fe（NO3）3浓度为0.1 mol/L,水土比为3∶1,反应时间为...     

β环糊精改性聚氨酯基涂料的火安全性与热解动力学分析

为提高膨胀型防火涂料的阻燃性能,以聚氨酯树脂为基料,以聚磷酸铵、尿素为阻燃体系,通过加入不同掺量的钛酸酯偶联剂改性β-环糊精(β-CD),提高阻燃效果。通过红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、锥形量热仪(CONE)、热重分析仪(TG)、差热扫描量热仪(DSC)等,研究改性β-CD的含量对膨胀型防火涂料的火安全性的影响,使用Coats-Redfern积分法计算涂料的热解动力学。研究结果表明：改性β-CD能有效地提高涂料的阻燃性能,当β-CD为1wt%时拥有最佳阻燃性能,1wt%改性β-CD能够提高涂层的蓄热能力,延缓APP的分解和抑制碳质材料的分解,进而提高涂料的阻燃性能。通过热解动力学拟合曲线得出,1wt%的样品能在253℃以后显著提高反应的活化能,提高涂层的阻燃性。     

环糊精和表面活性剂对土壤中2-硝基联苯的解吸行为的影响

研究了3种羟丙基环糊精(HP-α-CD、HP-β-CD、HP-γ-CD)和2种非离子表面活性剂(Tween 80,Triton X-100)对土壤中2-硝基联苯的解吸行为的影响。通过比较摩尔增溶比率(MSR)的大小,确定了这5种添加剂对2-硝基联苯增溶能力由强到弱的顺序为:Tween 80,Triton X-100,HP-β-CD,HP-γ-CD,HP-α-CD。在5种添加剂中,HP-β-CD对促进土壤中2-硝基联苯的解吸最有效,且促进作用与其用量成正比。HP-α-CD对解吸过程没有明显的促进作用。Tween 80和Triton X-100由于易吸附于土壤中的特性,在低用量时对2-硝基联苯的解吸产生了负作用,只有用量足够大时才表现出明显的促进作用。     

Different behaviours in the solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water induced by mixed surfactant solutions

Water solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), viz, naphthalene and phenanthrene, in micellar solutions at 25 °C was investigated, using two series of different binary mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants. Tween 80 and Brij-35 were used as nonionic surfactants whereas fatty acids or amphiphilic cyclodextrins (Mod-β-CD) synthesized in our laboratory were used as anionic ones. Solubilization capacity has been quantified in terms of the molar solubilization ratio and the micelle-water partition coefficient, using UV-visible spectrophotometry. Anionic surfactants exhibited less solubilization capacity than nonionics. The mixtures between Tween 80 and Mod-β-CD did not show synergism to increase the solubilization of PAHs. On the other hand, the mixtures formed by Tween 80 and fatty acids at all mole fractions studied produced higher enhancements of the solubility of naphthalene than the individual surfactants. The critical micellar concentration of the mixtures of Tween 80/sodium laurate was determined by surface tension measurements and spectrofluorimetry using pyrene as probe. The system is characterized by a negative interaction parameter (β) indicating attractive interactions between both surfactants in the range of the compositions studied.     

环糊精对硝基苯微生物降解的影响

研究了硝基苯的生物降解过程,探讨了在降解过程中加入环糊精造成的影响.结果表明,环糊精可以提高降解菌对硝基苯的耐受浓度,缩短降解菌的停滞时间,促进降解菌的生长,加快硝基苯的降解.这种作用与环糊精和硝基苯的浓度有关,硝基苯浓度高于降解菌的耐受浓度时影响更为显著;环糊精浓度越高,影响越大.     

环糊精对苯砜基乙酸酯的增溶作用及QSPR研究

以10种苯砜基乙酸酯化合物为对象,测定了β-环糊精(β-CD)对该类化合物的增溶作用效应;并应用K_ow和电性拓扑态指数对包合物稳定常数(Ks)进行了模拟分析,构建了QSPR模型.模型的相关系数(R²_adj)和标准偏差(SD)分别为0.972、0.971和0.057、0.059,模型具有较高的预测能力和可靠性.研究表明,β-CD与该类化合物形成1:1包合物,增加了苯砜基乙酸酯类化合物的水溶性;包合物形成类似于化合物在辛醇相和水相之间的分配,CD腔体内高能水分子的释放、化合物苯基与CD腔体间的范德华相互作用及砜基氧原子和CD端口羟基的氢键作用是包合物稳定性的决定因素.