用脉冲电旋风除尘器处理催化剂厂分子筛尾气

介绍了脉冲电旋风除尘器的工作原理及用其处理催化剂分子筛尾气的试验情况。试验结果表明,分子筛尾气很适合脉冲电旋风除尘处理,除尘效果较好,在进气含尘质量浓度为1324．9mg／m^3时,除尘效率达89．4％左右,粉尘驱进速度达0．15～0．17m／s,比常规电除尘技术提高1倍左右。     

热带气旋的短期气候预报检验

用非线性预报的方法，作西太平洋、南海、以及登陆我国、登陆广东热带气旋的短期气候预测，用逐日气压场作登陆广东热带气旋的时段和地段以及南海海面带气旋出现的时间的气候预测。对近3年的热带气候预报进行检验，效果较满意。     

螺旋式旋流器的切向速度分析

借助CFD软件,采用RSM模型对螺旋式旋流器内的切向速度场进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:旋流器内部的流场分为螺旋通道内的准自由涡和内筒区域的准强制涡;在柱锥交界区域的内筒外壁附近有一低速区,易导致颗粒富集而出现高浓度区进而影响分离效率;此外通过改变入口速度和螺旋通道的螺距,研究对旋流器切向速度的影响。通过对流场特性的研究,为进一步充分认识此类旋流器的分离机理提供了依据。     

典型电脱盐废水预处理技术及其应用

针对原油电脱盐废水处理形势日益严峻的问题,介绍了电脱盐废水预处理技术的研究及应用进展,分析了电脱盐废水预处理技术的原理、特点及应用效果,总结了影响电脱盐废水特点的主要因素,指出改进原油开采技术、提高电脱盐装置的运行和管理水平可从源头上改善电脱盐废水水质,进一步开发和应用先进技术对控制电脱盐废水污染具有积极意义。     

旋流气浮除油装置预处理含油污水

在河南油田开展旋流气浮除油装置的现场试验,考察进水流量和曝气量对旋流气浮除油装置除油效果的影响。试验结果表明:在进水流量为1.8 m³/h、曝气量为0.5 L/min时,除油率最高达到96.03%;在不添加任何药剂的条件下,装置处理效果稳定;连续运行6 d内,进水含油量为174.57~1 193.15 mg/L时,出水含油量可以保持在137.38 mg/L以下,除油率为58.58%~94.53%。     

2011年春季辽宁一次沙尘天气过程及其对不同粒径颗粒物和空气质量的影响

利用2011年5月11—12日辽宁沙尘天气过程的相关资料,分析了沙尘天气对不同粒径颗粒物及空气质量的影响及此次沙尘过程的天气成因.结果表明:沙尘天气发生前后可吸入颗粒物PM₁₀、PM_2.5和PM₁的浓度变化很大,沈阳、鞍山、本溪和丹东4城市PM₁₀、PM_2.5的小时浓度最大值都增大了1.5~20倍;粗粒子PM_(2.5~10)的数量浓度分别增加了30~41倍,质量浓度分别增加了27~30倍;细粒子PM_(1~2.5)的质量浓度分别增加了30~35倍,数量浓度分别增加了15~30倍;微粒子的数量浓度和质量浓度各城市表现不同,沈阳微粒子的数量浓度和质量浓度最大值增大了3倍和5倍,而鞍山PM₁的数量浓度和质量浓度分别减少了50%和10%.受蒙古气旋的影响内蒙古地区产生大风降温天气,大风将内蒙古地区的沙尘带到高空并随西风带向东移动进入辽宁,由于辽宁地区风速比较小,造成了辽宁大部分地区的浮尘天气,并对辽宁各地空气质量造成了严重影响,除丹东外辽宁其他13个城市空气质量都达到了轻微污染到重度污染的级别,铁岭、阜新、沈阳和抚顺的污染指数分别超过了300,达到了重度污染的级别.     

1991年华南地区热带气旋灾害概况

本文介绍了1991年在我国登陆的6个热带气旋灾害的特点及其所造成的人员伤亡与经济损失。     

Applying a problem-solving scenario in risk communication of low probability events

ABSTRACT

This study proposes a problem-solving scenario approach to enhance risk communication of low probability events, and aims to understand the effects of such an approach. An experiment was conducted in order to understand the comparative effects of presenting a casualty case with photos and demonstrating a problem scenario via an animation of participants’ anticipated responses to a simulated life-or-death choice. Forty-eight and 55 valid samples were collected respectively for two groups of participants. The results reveal a higher proportion of appropriate responses in the group presented with a problem scenario. Gender difference is found in the group exposed to a problem scenario - a larger percentage of males appear to respond more appropriately when presented with a life-threatening scenario without having being told what has happened. Having the ability to drive an automobile, which is presumably relevant to participants’ responses in a scenario associated with driving, does not, however, appear to differ significantly between the groups. The finding suggests that using a problem-solving scenario approach, compared with merely offering potential consequences of risks is more effective in stimulating appropriate responses to prevent casualty for information users.     

Cyclone preparedness and response: an analysis of lessons identified using an adapted military planning framework

The United Kingdom uses the Defence Lines of Development (DLOD) framework to analyse and understand the key components and costs of a military capability. Rooted in the Resource Based View (RBV) of a firm, an adapted DLOD approach is employed to explore, analyse and discuss the preparedness, planning and response strategies of two markedly different countries (Australia and Bangladesh) when faced with a major cyclone event of a comparable size. Given the numerous similarities in the challenges facing military forces in a complex emergency and humanitarian agencies in a natural disaster, the paper demonstrates the applicability of the DLOD framework as an analysis and planning tool in the cyclone preparedness planning and response phases, and more broadly within the disaster management area. In addition, the paper highlights the benefit to disaster managers, policymakers and researchers of exploiting comparative cross-learning opportunities from disaster events, drawn from different sectors and countries.     

1951-2006年西北太平洋热带气旋活动时空特征

西北太平洋是全球热带气旋(TC)发生次数最多、强度最大的区域之一,其TC研究受到该区域学者的广泛关注。基于日本气象厅(JMA)东京台风中心西北太平洋TC最佳路径数据资料,分析了该区域1951-2006年的TC频数和强度时空分布特征。首先,统计和分析了56年间(1951-2006年)TC的年际和年内变化,并通过建立1°×1°网格计算了落在每个网格内的TC次数,分析了多年TC的空间分布格局;其次,根据国际气象组织按照风速划分TC等级的标准,统计和分析了56年间不同强度TC的年际和年内特征,通过风速强度指数计算,获取了1°×1°网格单元区域内遭受TC影响的强度等级。结果显示,区域频数和强度时空分布规律较好地反映了该区域的TC影响特征,进而为区域台风灾害预报以及台风灾害风险评估提供了支持。