Leaching behavior of copper from waste printed circuit boards with Brønsted acidic ionic liquid

In this work, a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([bmim]HSO₄), was used to leach copper from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs, mounted with electronic components) for the first time, and the leaching behavior of copper was discussed in detail. The results showed that after the pre-treatment, the metal distributions were different with the particle size: Cu, Zn and Al increased with the increasing particle size; while Ni, Sn and Pb were in the contrary. And the particle size has significant influence on copper leaching rate. Copper leaching rate was higher than 99%, almost 100%, when 1 g WPCBs powder was leached under the optimum conditions: particle size of 0.1–0.25 mm, 25 mL 80% (v/v) ionic liquid, 10 mL 30% hydrogen peroxide, solid/liquid ratio of 1/25, 70 °C and 2 h. Copper leaching by [bmim]HSO₄ can be modeled with the shrinking core model, controlled by diffusion through a solid product layer, and the kinetic apparent activation energy has been calculated to be 25.36 kJ/mol.     

改性活性炭对石煤提钒废水中低浓度NH3-N和V等的吸附

为研究石煤提钒离交尾水的深度处理技术,利用质量分数为1%、5%和10%的过氧化氢溶液对ZWY15型活性炭进行改性,得到3种改性活性炭即1%AC、5%AC和10%AC;探讨其对该废水中低浓度的NH3-N、V等的吸附效果。实验结果表明:AC或改性AC的加入可使废水的碱度升高,随着吸附时间及吸附剂投加量的增加,升高幅度增大,且不同改性AC对废水碱度提高的幅度不同;相较于未改性活性炭,过氧化氢改性活性炭对V的吸附效果明显提高,去除率最大可提高30%,对NH3-N的去除率提升约11%;当投加量为60 g/L时,10%AC可使废水中V的浓度降低至1.88 mg/L,此时废水中Cr、Cd和Zn的浓度分别降低至0.006、0.010和0.036 mg/L,均低于《钒工业污染物排放标准》(GB26452-2011)所规定的排放限值。     

A Box-Behnken design for determining the optimum experimental condition of the fungicide (Vapam) sorption onto soil modified with perlite

In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to investigate the effects of the different operating conditions on the removal of the fungicide (Vapam) onto soil modified with perlite using sorption process. The process parameters such as pH of the fungicide solution (2, 5 and 8), temperature (15, 25 and 35°C), shaking time (2, 13 and 24 h) and the percentage of perlite in the modified soil (0, 2 and 4 %) were investigated using a four-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design at an initial fungicide concentration of C₀ = 1.6 mg/L as a fixed input parameter. A second-order quadratic model suggested the optimum conditions to be as follows: fungicide solution pH of 3.57, temperature of 15°C, shaking time of 3.5 h and 4% of perlite in the modified soil which resulted in the improvement of Vapam sorption. Under optimum conditions, the fungicide (Vapam) removal was predicted 12.88 μg/g by BBD. The confirmatory experiments were conducted and the results revealed that the fungicide removal was 13.14 μg/g which indicated that the predicted and the observed values of response (Vapam removal) were in close agreement. Therefore, the soil modified with perlite holds good potential for Vapam sorption. This is the first report on fungicide Vapam sorption onto soil modified with perlite using statistical experimental design employing response surface methodology.     

含油废水CODCr分析的探讨

分析了引起含油废水CODcr测值偏低的原因主要为取样误差，并通过实验验证其影响是巨大的。提出了通过加入表面活性剂AEO－9改善废水均值程度，提高分析结果准确性的解决办法。     

操作、维修合二为一的设备管理新模式探讨

介绍了韶钢第二轧钢厂推行以作业长制为基础 ,实施“操维合一”全员设备管理新模式的必要性和认识 ,阐述了该模式对设备隐患消除的意义 ,总结了实施“操维合一”的具体作法和步骤 ,收到了明显的效果     

UASB-氧化沟工艺处理啤酒废水

介绍了采用UASB 氧化沟工艺处理啤酒废水的工程应用。工程运行表明 ,啤酒废水在进水SS、CODCr、BOD5分别为 32 5mg L、136 0mg L、810mg L的条件下 ,经UASB 氧化沟工艺处理后 ,外排废水SS、CODCr、BOD5浓度分别为6 0mg L、5 1mg L、15 1mg L。该工艺具有占地面积小 ,处理效果好 ,运行费用低等特点 ,能广泛应用于啤酒废水处理的实际工作中     

高COD浓度污水与洁净底泥作用的实验研究

通过底泥吸附和污水有机物降解实验 ,研究了高COD浓度污水与洁净底泥的相互作用。结果表明 ,洁净底泥对高COD浓度污水中的污染物具有吸附作用 ,且在起始段此作用较明显 ,但在后期的作用就下降很多。底泥固相量的增加可显著提高水相有机污染物的吸附去除率 ;但对于不同来源的污水 ,并非按照同一比例增加 ,污水性质显著影响底泥的有机污染物吸附量。污水中的有机污染物的生物降解由于其作用缓慢 ,在开始的阶段 ,对水相有机污染物的减少远没有底泥吸附所起的作用大 ;但在后期其累计的作用将明显显现出来     

含铬废渣填埋场渗滤液污染地下水问题实例分析

结合工程实例叙述了含铬废渣填埋场地的选择．并建立针对填埋场地下水污染问题的数学预测模型,利用该模型对填埋场渗滤液污染地下水进行计算与分析。结果表明,选择合适的填埋场不仅工程措施简单,工程投资少,而且对地下水的污染甚微,能够更好地满足填埋要求。     

燃煤发电厂烟塔合一环境影响之二——华能北京热电厂烟塔合一设计环境影响估算

介绍了德国导则规范的污染物扩散模式.该模式为依照德国2002年空气清洁法研制的拉格朗日模式.利用该模式计算了华能北京热电厂烟塔合一设计通过120m冷却塔排放的烟气对地面造成的附加质量浓度.作为对比计算了与120m冷却塔排放量相同情况下通过240m烟囱排放的烟气对地面造成的附加质量浓度.计算结果表明,通过120m冷却塔排放烟气对地面造成的SO₂和PM₁₀附加年均质量浓度和日最大质量浓度总体小于通过240m烟囱排放对地面造成的结果.      

电除尘器改造场地局促时进气烟箱的设计

在原地将1套300 MW机组配备的双列双室3电场侧部挠臂锤振打式电除尘器(ESP),改造为双列双室4电场顶部电磁锤振打式ESP时,先将其竖井式进气烟箱的前半部改为结构紧凑的下部进气烟箱,以便在各室增加1个电场。受场地制约,第1、第2层气流均布板设置在壳体之内,导致两板的间距、第2层板与第1电场的间距均小于800 mm。加之取消壳体的进口下端板,因而显著地影响第1电场内的气流分布均匀性。在模型上适当调整导流板和气流均布板的结构之后,第1电场内的气流分布均匀性、粉尘浓度分布均匀性都获得了改善,且ESP内的气体流动形式已成为有利于收尘的上斜式流动。