Insecticide fingerprinting tecinique for detection and location of organochlorine insecticide rssiduss in foods

Abstract

Insecticide fingerprinting technique enables the detection and location of DDT and HCII residues in vegetables through the development of green and Prussian blue colors respectively. Cut vegetables are pressed against o‐tolidine impregnated paper and exposed to sunlight where colored spots appear instantly. The studies on 18 vegetable varieties revealed the pesticide residues and their distribution in different tissues. This direct method is sensitive (0.3 μg for HCII & 0.5 μg for DDT) and has special applications in quality control laboratorios and food industry.     

氯菊酯和氯氰菊酯对大鼠红细胞膜流动性的影响

关于拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂(简称拟菊酯)毒性作用机理的若干研究表明,拟菊酯的许多细胞效应都涉及细胞膜成分的改变。最近,Stelzer等发现不同结构的拟菊酯可不同程度地降低脂质体膜的流动性。膜脂合适的流动性是膜蛋白正常功能表现的必要条件,而膜蛋白与膜脂的相互作用可使生物膜在某些性质上不同于单纯的脂膜。 我们利用荧光探剂DPH研究了在结构上仅为有无α-氰基之差的两种拟菊酯,即氯菊酯和氯氰菊酯,对大鼠红细胞血影膜流动性的影响,并在实验的基础上就温度效应和上述影响随时间的动态变化进行了初探。     

农药混配剂对大鼠肠酯酶同工酶的抑制作用研究

比较了速灭杀丁、杀螟松和增效剂NIA_(16388)的单剂和混剂在离体与整体条件下对大鼠肠脂酶同工酶的抑制作用.结果表明,大鼠肠至少有10条酯酶带,主要由羧酸酯酶组成.杀螟松能强烈抑制羧酸酯酶活力,而速灭杀丁与NIA_(16388)在处理2h时呈现抑制作用,而随处理时间的增加酶活力有恢复的现象,羧酸酯酶的这种抑制作用同杀虫剂的剂量有关.     

卫生用农药对居室环境影响与评价

研究了以拟除虫菊酯类农药为主要配方的各种类型卫生用农药在居室介质材料上的降解速率及残留时间。试验表明，拟除虫菊酯类农药对家蚕毒性极大。推荐ＳＯＳ／Ｕｍｕ原位法测定家庭卫生用农药的致遗传毒性，该法简便、准确，并能根据酶诱导率了解毒性程度，剂量－反应关系明显。     

摇蚊乙酰胆碱酯酶最佳反应体系的建立及有机磷类药剂敏感度比较

花翅摇蚊(Chironomus kiiensis)是一种重要的水生昆虫,经常用于水体环境质量的生物学评价.用正交试验方法研究了酶浓度、底物浓度、反应体系pH值、反应温度、反应时间5个因素对花翅摇蚊(Chironomus kiiensis)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性测定的影响.通过对正交试验结果进行极差和方差分析,明确了测定摇蚊AChE活性的最适反应条件是酶浓度为5头/mL、底物浓度为6 mmol/L、pH值为8.0、温度为35℃、反应时间为10 min.DDVP、马拉硫磷和甲胺磷对花翅摇蚊的LC50值分别为8.93 mg/L、16.74 mg/L和47.65 mg/L.利用正交试验得到的反应最适条件进一步研究了花翅摇蚊接触上述3种药剂亚致死剂量后对其体内AChE活性的影响.结果表明,无论是时间效应还是剂量效应,3种药剂对花翅摇蚊幼虫体内AChE影响的趋势与生物测定结果是一致的,其对花翅摇蚊幼虫体内AChE的抑制能力依次为DDVP、马拉硫磷和甲胺磷.     

氯氰菊酯对小鼠肾组织的氧化损伤

以昆明小鼠为受试动物,随机分为6组,包括1个阴性对照组、3个氯氰菊酯染毒组、1个维生素E组和1个高剂量氯氰菊酯加维生素E组,染毒组按10,20,40mg/kg水平,维生素E的剂量为100mg/kg,灌胃染毒小鼠7d.以肾组织匀浆测定活性氧(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)的含量;以肾组织细胞测定DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)系数.随着氯氰菊酯染毒剂量的升高,肾组织的ROS、MDA、8-OHdG含量和DPC系数逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低,各指标呈一定的剂量-效应关系.染毒剂量为20mg/kg时,MDA和8-OHdG含量差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05);染毒剂量为40mg/kg时, ROS(F=3.7044)、GSH(F=3.4908)、MDA(F=3.5851)、8-OHdG含量(F=11.7934)和DPC系数(F=6.9165)差异均有统计学意义(P< 0.05, P< 0.01).病理学观察可见20,40mg/kg剂量组小鼠肾小球增生肥大,肾小管上皮细胞水肿,管腔变小.与高剂量染毒组相比较,高剂量染毒加维生素E组肾组织的ROS、MDA含量、8-OHdG含量和DPC系数均有下降,GSH含量上升(P< 0.05, P< 0.01).高剂量(320mg/kg)的氯氰菊酯能造成小鼠肾组织的氧化损伤,维生素E有抗氧化作用.     

The effect of vitamin E supplementation on ovary and testis histopathology in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to deltamethrin

The effects of deltamethrin on the histology of Oreochromis niloticus testis and ovary and the protective effect of vitamin E supplementation were investigated. The fish were divided into four groups, i.e. a control group, a vitamin-E-treated group, a deltamethrin-treated group and a vitamin E+deltamethrin-treated group. In the control and vitamin-E-treated groups, the ovaries and testes were normal at the end of 7, 14, and 21 days. In the deltamethrin-treated group, deformed oocytes, atretic oocytes, melanomacrophage centers, and focal necrotic areas were noted in the ovaries. Deltamethrin also caused cell necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, decreasing number of spermatogenic cells, decreasing spermatozoa within the lumen of tubule, decreasing number of spermatocyte cells, hypertrophy and degeneration of spermatogonia cells, and increasing number of macrophages in testis. Vitamin E decreased some histopathological changes induced by deltamethrin, but did not confer complete protection.     

Antioxidant role of ascorbic acid on oxidative stress induced by sub-acute exposure of lead and cypermethrin in erythrocytes of Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the reparative potential of ascorbic acid (AA, 100 mg/kg, orally for 28 days) in sub-acute lead (Pb, 100 ppm in drinking water for 28 days) or cypermethrin (CPM, 50 mg/kg, orally in vehicle for 28 days) poisoning alone and as binary mixture on the basis of oxidative stress parameters in erythrocytes of Wistar rats. Both Pb and CPM produced significant increase in lipid peroxidation along with elevated glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activity individually but not as a binary mixture. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly increased but glutathione levels were significantly reduced irrespective of single or co-exposure while the activity of superoxide dismutase and erythrocytic protein content were not significantly affected. Co-exposure led to a comparatively lower level of oxidative stress than that induced by Pb or CPM alone indicating an antagonistic toxicodynamic profile in rat erythrocytes. Co-administration of AA along with Pb and/or CPM significantly restored the oxidative stress parameters to normal values. Overall results indicated that co-exposure induces a lower level of oxidative stress and AA ameliorates Pb- and/or CPM-induced oxidative damage in rat erythrocytes.     

氯氰菊酯胁迫下鲫鱼肾脏LDH同工酶和血清GOT、SOD活性的变化

为探讨氯氰菊酯对鱼类代谢关键酶活性的影响,以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为受试材料,采用室内人工水族箱培养方法进行毒性实验.在急性毒性实验基础上,设置了2、5、10μg·L-13个浓度组和1个对照组进行染毒,分别测定鲫鱼肾脏乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)、血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性.结果表明,氯氰菊酯对鲫鱼的96h LC50为20.74μg·L-1.经不同浓度组染毒处理4d后,随着氯氰菊酯浓度的升高,鲫鱼血清GOT活性显著升高(p<0.05);SOD活性则表现为先升高后降低(p<0.05);肾脏LDH同工酶酶谱带型也发生了明显的变化,表现为LDH2、LDH3、LDH4的酶谱带染色浓、谱带较宽.以上结果表明氯氰菊酯对鲫鱼代谢关键酶的活性有一定影响,对鲫鱼的肾脏有一定损伤作用.