江苏省汽车零部件涂装行业VOCs排放情况初步调查

收集150家江苏省典型汽车零部件企业VOCs排放信息,对2家典型企业进行排放测试,分析江苏省该行业原辅料使用情况、产排污环节与核查要点、VOCs的排放特征,并提出最佳治理建议。研究表明,江苏省汽车零部件行业使用的涂料以溶剂型为主(占比约为79%)。废气按排放量大小依次为苯类、醇类、酯类和酮类,使用燃烧法处理后排放物种以烷烃为主,使用活性炭吸附法处理前后物种差异较小。吸附浓缩+燃烧组合处理工艺为目前最佳组合技术,处理效率 95%。     

Thermal barrier coated diesel engine running on biodiesel: a review

Thermal barrier coated diesel engine, also known as low heat rejection (LHR) engine have offered the promise of reducing heat rejection to the engine coolant and increase the combustion temperature which results in increase of thermal efficiency, decrease of fuel consumption and emission rate of the engine. Biodiesel derived from the vegetable oils are a promising alternative fuel for diesel fuel. The viscosity of vegetable oil after transestrification is still higher than that of diesel fuel. The various researchers have reported that the energy of the biodiesel could be released more efficiently with the concept of LHR engine. In the case of LHR engine running on different biodiesel blends, almost all experimental studies has predicted improved performance. This paper analyses and discussed the operating conditions under which the experimental studies are carried out and the factors which affect thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions in LHR engine.     

沉箱码头聚脲涂层抗爆防护毁伤效应数值模拟

为探究爆炸荷载作用下聚脲涂层对沉箱码头的保护作用,采用LS-DANA非线性动力分析平台,模拟在1 kg TNT当量炸药水中非接触爆炸时,不同涂覆厚度聚脲涂层的沉箱码头毁伤破坏特征.结果表明:无聚脲防护的沉箱码头毁伤破坏程度明显大于涂覆聚脲防护的沉箱码头,沉箱码头的毁伤主要集中在迎爆面外墙和迎爆侧上部管沟,随着聚脲涂层厚...     

非膨胀型防火涂料的等效热传导系数及其试验方法

热传导系数是表征非膨胀型防火涂料隔热性能最重要的参数,也是进行钢构件升温计算所必需的参数。非膨胀型防火涂料的热传导系数随温度升高有较大变化,采用常温下的热传导系数来计算钢构件在火灾下的温度将导致较大的误差。从工程应用角度,热传导系数采用一个常数可极大地简化计算,因此本文提出了等效热传导系数的概念及其试验方法。该方法基于非膨胀型防火涂料保护钢构件标准耐火试验,可综合反映涂料在火灾下的实际性能。试验与理论计算的对比表明,采用等效热传导系数可相当精确地模拟非膨胀型防火涂料保护钢构件在火灾下的升温。     

钛合金叶片防护涂层研究--十五科研项目工作总结

针对先进航空发动机压气机用钛合金,研究真空多弧离子镀技术在钛合金上制备ZrN抗冲蚀防护涂层及NiCrAlY抗氧化防护涂层工艺。结果表明,ZrN涂层大大提高了钛合金的抗冲蚀性能,扩散障＋NiCrAlY涂层有效地抑制了钛合金的氧化,涂层对钛合金起到了很好的防护作用,并制备了钛合金叶片涂层样件。     

海洋环境中渗锌层和锌铬涂层的耐蚀性研究

通过采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法和中性盐雾试验,研究了粉末渗锌和锌铬涂层在海洋环境中的耐蚀性能。结果表明,锌铬涂层耐蚀性优于渗锌,表面封闭处理可进一步提高锌铬涂层对基体的保护能力,体现出协同效应。     

静电对电子产品的危害及其防护

随着电子技术的发展和产品复杂程度的提高,静电放电对产品的危害也越来越严重。分析了静电和静电放电产生的机理,探讨了消除电子产品静电的途经和方法。提出了采用防静电包装、空气加湿以及静电接地等技术来消除电子产品的静电,为电子产品的生产和安全使用提供有益的参考。     

进口粉末涂料物品的固体废物属性鉴别方法研究

基于已完成的90余例进口粉末涂料物品固体废物属性的鉴别实践,系统介绍了所遇到的进口粉末涂料物品的申报品名、每种品名所占的比例、种类以及每种种类的特征、固体废物属性鉴别的关键方法和所占的比例,其中申报品名主要为粉末涂料,所占比例为46.3%;鉴别结果主要为过期粉或者不合格粉,所占比例为41.8%。为进口粉末涂料物品的固体废物属性鉴别和监管提供参考,对将无法再生利用的废粉末涂料固体废物堵在国门之外具有重要意义。     

Differential toxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on Drosophila melanogaster development, reproductive effort, and viability: size, coatings and antioxidants matter

Silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles are known to induce oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Here we test if they impact development, mating success, and survivorship in Drosophila melanogaster, and if so, if these effects are reversible by antioxidants. Ingestion of nanotitanium dioxide during the larval stage of the life cycle showed no effects on development or survivorship, up to doses of 200 μg mL⁻¹. Conversely, ingestion of nanosilver had major dose, size, and coating-dependent effects on each of these aspects of life history. Each of these effects was partially or fully reversible by vitamin C. Larvae growing on nanosilver supplemented with vitamin C showed a greater than twofold increase in survivorship compared to flies reared on nanosilver alone, and a threefold increase in mating success. Vitamin C also rescued cuticular and pigmentation defects in nanosilver fed flies. Biochemical assays of superoxide dismutase and glutathione show these markers respond to nanotitanium dioxide and nanosilver induced oxidative stress, and this response is reduced by vitamin C. These results indicate that life history effects of nanosilver ingestion result from oxidative stress, and suggest antioxidants as a potential remediation for nanosilver toxicity. Conversely, the lack of nanotitanium dioxide life history toxicity shows that oxidative stress does not necessarily result in whole organism effects, and argues that nanoparticle toxicity needs to be examined at different levels of biological organization.     

不均匀防火涂层对火灾条件下某简支钢梁温升和变形特性的影响

在钢结构抗火研究中通常假设构件表面防火涂料涂刷均匀、厚度一致.但实际上这些涂层由于多种原因厚度并不一致,不均匀防火涂层可能对钢构件的温升特性和结构抗火性能产生影响.基于已被证实的不均匀防火涂层厚度服从正态分布的假设,运用有限元软件ANSYS分析了某简支钢梁在标准温升火灾条件下的温升和变形特性,研究结果表明:钢梁轴向温度不再一致,并呈区域分布,横截面温度呈非对称分布;涂层的不均匀性对轴向变形影响较小,但对构件挠度影响较大.标准差越大,其温度和挠度的相对误差越大.