Mass transport model of ions within biofilms under the effect of external field

A mass transport model was developed to predict the transport rate of ions within biofilms, which was experimentally verified using the fluxes of NH4^＋ and Ca^2＋ through the heterotrophic biofilms with the thickness varying from 230 to 1430μm under the effect of external field in the range of-20 V/m to 60 V/m. It is found that the result predicted by the model is in agreement with the experimentally obtained one, with the error less than 5 percent for the thin biofilms. The error increases with the increase of the biofilm thickness. The transport rate of ions caused by electric migration is affected by the charges, field strength, and biofilm thickness and so on.     

典型软垫家具材料火灾特性的小尺寸实验研究

本文借助锥型量热计对制作软垫家具的材料进行小尺寸实验,获得了典型软垫家具面料、聚氨酯海绵填料及其组合件的燃烧性能参数。通过对实验获得参数的分析比较,认为面料对组合件燃烧特性的影响大,仅使用阻燃布就可以明显改善组合的火灾特性。     

浅析危险化学品分类

阐述了危险化学品分类的意义,介绍了国内外主要化学品分类的标准和一般程序,以及危险化学品分类的最新研究进展。     

某水电站进水口边坡变形特征及稳定性评价

某水电站是澜沧江中、下游梯级开发的关键工程,其进水口高边坡地质条件复杂。通过对该电站进水口边坡的物质组成、结构特征、以及边坡开挖等因素的综合分析研究,阐述了其变形机理,说明此高边坡存在如下变形破坏形式:①楔形体滑动破坏;②扩展式的平面型塌滑和滑移型崩塌破坏;③卸荷松弛变形破坏。采用三维块体分析和有限元数值模拟,分析了这类边坡在开挖过程中的应力变形特征及其变化规律。     

岩土破坏过程声发射特征的实验研究

通过对重庆黄泥包滑坡处采集的岩土试样进行单轴压缩和拉伸实验,测试了岩土破坏过程的声发射信号,得出了岩土破坏过程声发射的基本特征:在单轴压缩实验中,声发射能量信号随着压力的增加呈现连续增加的趋势,在主破裂时刻有较强声发射能量信号产生;在蠕变实验中,AE在压力上升阶段信号增强,在恒定压力下,AE信号有所减弱,整体趋势较为平缓;在拉伸实验中,岩土的破坏方式呈主震型和群震型;AE信号能够反映岩土受载过程;岩土的抗压强度与声发射能量最大值呈正相关性;加载速率越大,声发射能量最大值也越大。     

基于RFPA2D复合局部挠曲岩体数值模拟

为研究复合局部挠曲岩体强度特征以及破坏规律,采用岩石真实破裂软件RFPA^2D,对水平层面挠曲30°,45°,60°,75°的复合岩体进行单轴压缩试验模拟。模拟结果表明:挠曲角为30°,45°,60°,75°的复合岩体破坏面几乎与挠曲段夹层重合,其挠曲端部均产生了垂直于挠曲段夹层的裂纹;复合单斜岩体与复合挠曲岩体破坏面的形成因素大致相同,夹层强度是2种岩体失稳的主要因素;复合挠曲岩体单轴抗压强度随挠曲角增大同样呈“U”型变化,与单斜岩体变化趋势一致;当水平层状岩体发生挠曲后,其单轴抗压强度减小,当挠曲角为60°时,强度降低25.19%,当挠曲角为75°时,强度降低0.17%。;随着均质系数m的增大,复合挠曲岩体单轴抗压强度以及轴向应变均出现逐渐递增的趋势,且不同m值,其岩体裂隙扩展方式具有明显差别。     

液氮泡沫发生器内流动特性研究

低温液氮与泡沫混合液直接接触产生氮气泡沫是一种新型的掺混形式,利用液氮高汽化比的特点,搭建液氮泡沫可视化实验装置,进行氮气-水两相流及液氮泡沫流动特性的研究。结果表明,液氮相变产生大量氮气,其与泡沫液混合产生泡沫,温度有所回升,最终趋于泡沫混合液温度;管路沿程压降较小;液氮射流破碎及流动过程可分为6个区域:低温液氮区、向上循环翻滚区、滞留区、泡沫与泡沫混合液混合区、致密泡沫区、泡沫混合液区。流体向下游流动过程中持续发泡;为防止管路结冰,需合理控制泡沫混合液与液氮流量。     

基于模糊推理的FRAM事故定量分析方法研究

为有效克服FRAM事故分析中无法进行定量分析的缺陷,提出结合模糊推理技术的Fuzzy FRAM模型。此改进模型基于FRAM识别系统运行状态;依据功能输出要素的时间/精度属性利用Matlab构建2阶模糊推理系统量化功能输出质量;根据通用性能条件(CPC)及功能输入耦合端口构建功能评价体系,针对评价体系中存在的不确定性信息融合及建模问题,采用模糊证据推理技术,通过模糊信度结构建立、数据处理、信息融合测度后获得功能的风险指数;以既有铁路危险品运输事故为例,验证方法的可行性。结果表明:Fuzzy FRAM模型的评估结果较为精确,是FRAM分析方法的有效补充。     

某矿低铜废石综合回收利用项目职业病危害预评价

为了对某矿业有限公司低铜废石综合回收利用项目可能产生的职业病危害因素进行辨识、分析和评价,采用检查表、类比法相结合的原则对该项目的铲装、破碎、运输、筑堆等工艺进行分析评价,并利用经验法对浸出、萃取电积工艺进行分析评价。结果表明:类比工程中绝大部分粉尘、噪声检测点的浓（强）度符合国家标准;化学毒物、工频电场接触浓（强）度符合国家标准;电积车间的通风满足要求;萃取车间的事故通风能力不足。评价方法及通风计算方法对同类项目具有借鉴意义。     

An LC-MS/MS method for creatine and creatinine analysis in paraquat-intoxicated patients

Abstract

A sudden increase in serum creatinine after paraquat intoxication has been reported in several clinical studies. However, this dramatic change of creatinine may be possibly due to an interconversion of creatine-creatinine in relation to paraquat toxicity. In order to investigate the creatine-creatinine relationship, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in combination with electrospray ionization was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of creatine and creatinine in the serum. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Gemini® C₆-Phenyl column with a gradient elution consisting of 0.1% formic acid in ultrapure water and methanol as the mobile phase. The method yielded suitable levels of specificity and selectivity, and calibration curves of creatine and creatinine in serum were linear over the concentration range of 0.5–200?µg mL^?1. The limit of quantification of both compounds was 0.5?µg mL^?1, and the method was accurate within the recovery range of 96.23–102.75%, indicating the robustness of the method. The method was successfully applied to toxicological samples from paraquat-intoxicated patients, and the concentrations of creatine and creatinine were quantified. High creatine concentrations in serum samples were observed which may lead to high serum creatinine despite normal kidney function as creatine is converted to creatinine in proportion to its concentration.