油气田采油(气)废水处理设施运行情况调查与评价

通过对全国19个油气田191套采油（气）废水处理设施进行调查，针对其工艺流程、建设投资、处理能力、运行费用、运行状况和处理效果，分析了现有处理方法存在的问题，并提出了解决的办法。对今后处理设施的管理、改进和处理技术的研究有一定参考价值。     

东部油田采出污水处理的长远对策

从综合治理，合理利用采出污水的长远利益出发，针对东部油田高含水阶段的新特点，提出地面高效处理，地下控水稳油相结合的治理策略，探讨了相关的技术和方法，并讨论了采出污水回注利用中应加强研究的几个问题。     

Using digital image projections to visualize forest landscape changes due to management activities and forest growth

A pedagogic problem in forestry and landscape management is to visualize future landscape effects of forest growth and current management activities in the forest. This paper presents a method for forecasting digital image projections of forest landscape dynamics. Static nonlinear regression functions estimate the digital numbers in a Landsat Thematic Mapper image. Regressors used are forest stand variables. By estimating the future forest stand data, based on intermediate treatment and growth, future satellite digital images are created. In a case study example, the future landscape of a forest block in the province of Västernorrland, Sweden, is projected to demonstrate the application of this visualization technique.     

最佳钻井防污土建结构的设计及应用

设计了一种高效实用的钻井防污土建结构，该结构与原结构相比能杜绝处理渣泥流入废水沉砂池参与废水循环，也可防止废弃钻井液和掏罐泥浆水直接进入沉砂池，因此能更好地控制钻井废水浓度，一定程度上提高钻井废水处理达标率，同时该结构具有对处理水进一步隔油、净化等优点，现场推广应用后得到证实。     

基于C/S的三峡云阳-巫山段滑坡数据管理系统

长江三峡云阳-巫山段是三峡库区滑坡分布密集灾情严重的一个区域,随着库水位抬升到135 m以及今后的175 m,势必会加剧原有滑坡以及危险斜坡的不稳定性.本研究是在前期工作的基础上,开发出用以管理研究区数量繁多灾害点的管理系统.     

长庆油田水处理新技术研究

长庆油房庄油田水经过处理后仍具有较高的矿化度、较多的悬浮物及残留油,同时其SRB严重超标。现场处理水质不稳定,在进行回注时与地层的配伍性较差。针对这些情况,研究了一种新型的水处理工艺技术。对成垢离子调整剂、水质净化剂和成垢离子钝化剂进行了筛选,并对含油污水的成垢离子含量及比例进行了调整。运用这种技术,使油房庄油田水经处理后达到回注水的标准,且提高了与地层的配伍性。同时提出了新型水处理技术的工艺流程。     

稠油污水处理系统改造与絮凝剂筛选试验研究

河南油田井楼稠油联合站含油污水中的污油和悬浮物含量较高,超过150mg/L。为此,对该处理系统进行了改造,并对絮凝剂的筛选进行了试验。结果表明:无机絮凝剂与有机絮凝剂联合作用,可对污水中所含有的污油和有机物杂质的悬浮物产生很好的絮凝沉降效果。加药浓度、加药顺序及沉降时间均对絮凝沉降效果有一定的影响。改造后的污水处理系统实现了污水达标回注,降低了无效回注费用。同时还回收了污油,降低了药剂成本,产生了十分明显的经济效益,每年节约成本约500万元。     

NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN ILLINOIS RIVERS 1967 TO 1974: COMPARISON AMONG REPORTING AGENCIES1

ABSTRACT: Long term data on surface water quality can sometimes be assembled by combining data collected by different agencies at different times and assuming that between agency differences in data quality are insignificant. The objective of this paper was to assess the quality of riverine nitrate (NO₃) concentrations in Illinois measured and reported by four agencies from 1967 to 1974 by comparing median values for similar sampling locations and periods. A total of 17 river reaches were identified for which two agencies reported NO₃ concentrations during similar periods. Nonparametric comparison of median values and analysis of covariance with discharge as a covariant produced similar results. Nitrate concentrations reported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 1967 to 1971 were not statistically (P > 0.05) different from values reported by the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) for two of three river reaches. Additionally, NO₃ concentrations reported by USGS from 1972 to 1974 were not statistically different than concentrations reported by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) for four of five river reaches. From 1969 to 1971, NO₃ concentrations reported by the Illinois Department of Public Heath and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IDPH/IEPA) were less than one‐fourth the magnitude of values reported by ISWS. The median NO₃ concentrations measured by the Central Illinois Public Service (CIPS) were significantly greater than those measured by USGS and IDPH/IEPA in the three comparable sampling locations. The use of NO₃ concentrations measured by CIPS and IDPH/IEPA prior to 1972 is not recommended.     

AN EVALUATION OF THE AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING MISSING FECAL COLIFORM DATA1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at evaluating the available techniques for estimating missing fecal coliform (FC) data on a temporal basis. The techniques investigated include: linear and nonlinear regression analysis and interpolation functions, and the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs). In all, seven interpolation, two regression, and one ANN model structures were investigated. This paper also investigates the validity of a hypothesis that estimating missing FC data by developing different models using different data corresponding to different dynamics associated with different trends in the FC data may result in a better model performance. The FC data (counts/100 ml) derived from the North Fork of the Kentucky River in Kentucky were employed to calibrate and validate various models. The performance of various models was evaluated using a wide variety of standard statistical measures. The results obtained in this study are able to demonstrate that the ANNs can be preferred over the conventional techniques in estimating missing FC data in a watershed. The regression technique was not found suitable in estimating missing FC data on a temporal basis. Further, it has been found that it is possible to achieve a better model performance by first decomposing the whole data set into different categories corresponding to different dynamics and then developing separate models for separate categories rather than developing a single model for the composite data set.     

用微波消解-光度法测定废钻井液中的总铬

采用微波消解-光度法处理钻井液废水中的总铬。该方法克服了常规消解方法的缺点,测定步骤简单、快速,准确性高。通过实验探讨了微波功率、加热时间、样品体积对样品消解的影响。与常压的硫酸-硝酸消解法进行比较的结果表明,用微波消解-光度法处理泥浆废水可将消解时间由原来的6h缩短为20min,加标回收率由60%提高到92%,降低了工作强度,改善了工作环境。