A Statistical Assessment of Changes in Precipitation Chemistry at CAPMoN Sites, Canada

The objective of this study is to decide if chemical concentrations measured during 1988-1997in precipitation by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) indicate changes in the annual patterns. The inference is based on SO₄, NO₃, Cl,NH₄, Na, Ca and K concentrations monitored daily with the rain water acidity pH. By pattern is understood the probability distribution of the annual sample at a particular location. Most of the annual data can be well described by means of a linear regression model with second order polynomial trend and autocorrelated noise. Statistical analysis based on the model shows luck of systematic significant year to year increases or declines of the concentrations.     

国控重点污染源监督监测数据QA/QC量化评估体系探讨

阐述了建立国控重点污染源监督监测数据质量QA/QC量化评估体系的重要性和迫切性,从国控污染源QA/QC量化评估体系建设的基本思路、量化评估指标的组成、量化评估指标的权重及QL阈值等方面,对国控重点污染源监督监测数据质量QA/QC量化评价体系的建立进行探讨。     

广州市流溪河水库监测布点优化研究

运用方差分析及模糊聚类分析,对流溪河水库监测布点进行优化研究,结果表明：水库水质良好,各监测点间及垂向采样点间均无显著性差异;4个库区监测点可分为3类,其余监测点可分为4类。综合考虑确定流溪河水库监测布点方案,应设置对照、控制、出水3类断面,共7个监测点,分别为玉溪河、吕田河、汇水区、库区3个和大坝监测点,每年6月进行垂向分层采样,其余月份进行表层采样。     

Invasive species change detection using artificial neural networks and CASI hyperspectral imagery

For monitoring and controlling the extent and intensity of an invasive species, a direct multi-date image classification method was applied in invasive species (salt cedar) change detection in the study area of Lovelock, Nevada. With multidate Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral data sets, two types of hyperspectral CASI input data and two classifiers have been examined and compared for mapping and monitoring the salt cedar change. The two types of input data are all two-date original CASI bands and 12 principal component images (PCs) derived from the two-date CASI images. The two classifiers are an artificial neural network (ANN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The experimental results indicate that (1) the direct multitemporal image classification method applied in land cover change detection is feasible either with original CASI bands or PCs, but a better accuracy was obtained from the CASI PCA transformed data; (2) with the same inputs of 12 PCs, the ANN outperforms the LDA due to the ANN’s non-linear property and ability of handling data without a prerequisite of a certain distribution of the analysis data.     

涉刑环境监测中有待解决的若干技术问题及对策建议

指出了涉刑环境监测工作中,司法鉴定机构的资质及监测数据认可、环保标准与规范、固体废物监测等方面存在的问题。提出,涉刑监测单位应尽快获取司法鉴定机构资质;国家层面应给出涉刑监测数据认可的指导性意见;加快环境标准制修订工作,增强标准的适用性和可操作性;修订《危险废物鉴别技术规范》（HJ/T 298-2007）和相应系列鉴别标准。     

西安市交通噪声监测点位优化

结合西安市具体的交通状况及路网构成,提出了通过3次优化,由繁至简,逐步筛选出典型的能代表西安市整体交通噪声平均水平的监测点位方法。     

环保验收监测异常数据的分析与处理

介绍了目前对环境监测异常数据研究状况,简述了环境监测异常数据的辨识方法,分析了环境监测异常数据产生的原因,提出在建设项目环保验收监测过程中异常数据的处理,以及防止产生异常数据的措施.     

A Regional Assessment of Windbreak Habitat Suitability

The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programwas initiated in 1989 by the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency to collect, analyze,and report quantitative, statistically unbiasedinformation about the state of the nation'senvironment on a regional basis. During a pilotprogram in Nebraska we measured a habitat suitabilityindex for a probability sample of 40 windbreaks andexpanded the results to estimate the potential valueof windbreaks as wildlife habitat in Nebraska. Theindex estimates the suitability of a windbreak ashabitat for wildlife including breeding birds, smallmammals, and deer. Index values range from zero toone, where a value of one indicates maximal habitatvalue. We estimated that 50% (±13% at 90%confidence) of windbreaks in Nebraska have a habitatsuitability index of 0.25 or less and that nowindbreaks have a suitability index greater than 0.6. Our results indicate that increasing the area ofindividual windbreaks is the most effective way toimprove their value as wildlife habitat. Monitoringwindbreak condition over time would alert wildlifemanagers to changes in the resource that might affectwildlife populations. Because our data were highlyvariable, the power to detect change in habitatcondition between two measurement periods was low. Amuch larger sample would be required to detect smallchanges in habitat condition. Variability may bereduced, and power increased, by carefully andconsistently constructing the sampling frame, keepingdata collection as simple as possible, appropriatelystratifying sample selection, and using a small numberof well-trained data collection teams. However, wesuggest adapting the index for use with aerialphotography in future efforts to evaluate windbreaksas wildlife habitat in extensive areas.     

Analyzing the tradeoffs among ecological and fishing effects on an example fish community: A multispecies (fisheries) production model

Species interactions such as predation or competition can have notable implications for fish population dynamics. Stock status and associated biological reference points can be misrepresented if these interactions are not considered. Here we present a multispecies, biomass production model (MS-PROD) developed by incorporating modifications to the Schaefer production model. The modifications explicitly emphasize a functional group approach, highlighting the effects of species interactions that include competition between species within a group, competition between groups, and predation. The mathematical formulation also includes constraints on carrying capacity for both the entire system and for individual groups. We applied the model as initialized to the Northeast U.S. Large Marine Ecosystem finfish community. We then executed simulations designed to explore the behavior of the model with respect to fishery exploitation and ecological interactions. Collectively, the results demonstrated the utility, and the need, for incorporating ecological effects into fisheries models.     

地震分析预报网络信息管理与服务系统

概述了地震分析预报网络信息管理与服务系统 (APNET)的系统构成、系统设置及其功能特点。该网络最大的特点是大量的工作都在后台自动运行完成 ,并具有完善的信息认证系统 ,实现了数据的自动备份和允许特定用户群通过WWW访问和浏览等。