基于数据库支持的非点源污染模型LSPC及其应用

文章介绍了一种基于数据库支持的非点源污染模型LSPC(Loading Simulation Program in C++),模型思想源于采集数据分析系统(Mining Data Analysis System),其本质是基于C++语言对HSPF(Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran...     

江苏省地震科学数据共享平台技术研究

本文利用分布式数据库技术着力研究和开发了江苏省地震局的测震数据库、前兆数据库的共享、管理与集中发布技术。主要运用JSP（Java Server Page）技术及PHP（Hypertext Preprocessor）语言对测震的JOPENS系统中MySQL数据库、EQIM数据库、及前兆Oracle数据库等进行进一步地开发。搭建了一个行业内跨计算机操作平台的可视化的地震科技数据共享、交换及管理平台,实现了多种地震科学数据的（例如近、远震地震信息、各学科的运行率等）在线可视化、基于Google Map检索的地震信息服务等。     

近40年来福建省水稻土有效磷富集效应及潜在生态风险评估

水稻土磷素流失引起的水体富营养化等生态风险已受到普遍关注,而明确其动态变化和富集效应是制定合理防控措施的基础.以福建省1.8×10⁶ hm²水稻土为研究对象,以1982年全国第二次土壤普查1 471个、 2008年农业农村部测土配方施肥项目215 534个和2018年农业农村部耕地质量监测项目2 895个表层水稻土样点建立的1∶5万三期大比例尺土壤数据库为基础,分析全省水稻土有效磷含量近40年来的富集效应及潜在生态风险.结果表明,1982～2018年间福建省水稻土有效磷含量增加了47 mg·kg^-1,富集面积达到1.65×10⁶ hm²,占全省水稻土总面积的91%;其中,1982～2008年福建省水稻土有效磷含量增加了28 mg·kg^-1,富集面积为1.47×10⁶ hm²,占全省水稻土总面积的82%; 2008～2018年福建省水稻土有效磷含量增加了19 mg·kg^-1,富集面积为1.22...     

Capturing LiDAR‐Derived Hydrologic Spatial Parameters to Evaluate Playa Wetlands

The digital elevation model data from traditional stereo photogrammetric methods are inadequate in providing accurate vertical parameters to feed hydrologic models for low‐lying, extremely flat areas. High‐resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data provide the robust capability of capturing small variations in low‐relief playa wetlands. The Rainwater Basin in south‐central Nebraska includes a complex of seasonally shallow playa wetlands that attract millions of migratory waterfowl every spring and fall. This research focuses on the development of a procedure with applicable protocols to produce LiDAR‐derived three‐dimensional wetland maps and to extract the critical surface parameters (i.e., watershed boundaries, flow direction, flow accumulation, and drainage lines) for playa wetlands. The topo‐hydrologic conditions of playa wetlands were evaluated at the watershed level. The results show that in the Rainwater Basin, 70.7% of the historic hydric soil footprints identified in the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database were not functioning as topographically depressional wetlands. This finding was confirmed by a recent five‐year Annual Habit Survey showing that 69.8% of the historic hydric soil footprints did not function during the spring migratory bird seasons between 2004 and 2009. The majority of playa wetlands' topographic conditions have been substantially changed and the SSURGO data cannot fully reflect current topographic reality in the Rainwater Basin.     

Thermochemical stability: A comparison between experimental and predicted data

The first step to be performed during the development of a new industrial process should be the assessment of all hazards associated to the involved compounds. Particularly, the knowledge of all substances thermochemical parameters is a primary feature for such a hazard evaluation. CHETAH (CHEmical Thermodynamic And Hazard evaluation) is a prediction software suitable for calculating potential hazards of chemicals, mixtures or a single reaction that, using only the structure of the involved molecules and Benson's group contribution method, is able to calculate heats of formation, entropies, Gibbs free energies and reaction enthalpies. Because of its ability to predict the potential hazards of a material or mixture, CHETAH is part of the so-called “desktop methods” for early stage chemical safety analysis.In this work, CHETAH software has been used to compile a complete risk database reporting heats of decomposition and Energy Release Potential (ERP) for 342 common use chemicals. These compounds have been gathered into classes depending on their functional groups and similarities in their thermal behavior. Calculated decomposition enthalpies for each of the compounds have also been compared with experimental data obtained with either thermoanalytic or calorimetric techniques (Differential Scanning Calorimeter – DSC – and Accelerating Rate Calorimeter – ARC).     

基于AutoCAD煤矿工程立体图软件的研发与应用

以煤矿工程平面图涵盖信息为原始资料,基于AutoCAD平台二次开发了绘制煤矿工程立体图专用软件,该软件模拟城市地下管网模型快速生成煤矿巷道立体图,利用图结构进行数据组织,建立了包含巷道、工作面参数、通风路线等详细信息的属性式数据库。同时,该软件可与已有数据库资源共享和矿图数据库兼容,实现了二维平面矿图向三维立体矿图的转换。三维立体矿图强大的数据平台可以实现井下人员实时定位、煤层瓦斯实时监测和矿井通风网络系统的全方位展示,配合网络集成可实现远程办公的智能管理和决策。     

建立钢丝绳断丝信号数据库的探讨

钢丝绳是提升、运输及牵引设备中的重要构件,钢丝绳断丝直接影响钢丝绳的强度,霍尔元件的漏磁通法可检测钢丝绳断丝根数和位置。整个系统由检测传感器、漏磁传感器、速度传感器、位移传感器等,数据采集、处理、分析系统,工控机等组成。钢丝绳断丝数据库的主要内容有检测信号的峰值、阈值波宽、钢丝绳直径、钢丝直径等7个基本因素。     

基于环境信息基础数据库的综合业务系统平台

环境管理工作中目前在用的数据库处于比较混乱的状态,对同一对象的管理存在多个不同的数据库,而且指标大多数重复,对日常的管理工作带来了极大的不便。要解决这个问题,必须建立一套完整的环境信息基础数据库,并在数据库的基础上建立综合业务系统平台,以提高数据的准确性,保证各业务系统之间不出现逻辑关系混乱的问题。     

物探技术在固体废弃物探测的应用及前景展望

文章从介绍物探技术入手,探讨了应用于污染探测的物探方法,并对其中常用的几种作了比较详细的介绍,分析和总结了物探技术在污染探测中的最新应用成果。讨论了物探技术用于污染探测领域存在的问题,探讨了下一步的研究方向,提出了建立污染信息数据库的思想,并对其应用前景作了展望。     

海洋环境中材料腐蚀数据采集处理网络系统的研究

介绍了利用电话公网为传输栽体建立以海洋腐蚀与防护国防科技重点实验室为中心辐射青岛、厦门和三亚3个海水试验站的材料腐蚀数据采集计算机网络平台。研发了具有自主知识产权的多通道电偶腐蚀数据自动采集系统,将该系统与网络平台相结合可实现远程实验数据自动采集。同时为了有效地管理、存储和实现数据的共享,研究建立了海洋环境材料腐蚀与防护数据库,收集和整理了大量的材料腐蚀数据。在分析研究大量腐蚀数据的基础上建立了误差反传（BP）人工神经网络预测模型和灰色GM（1,1）腐蚀预测模型。从而形成一套较完整的数据采集、处理和分析网络系统。