煤对CO2，N2和CH4的吸附速率经验公式与异同性研究*

为了解决吸附速率拟合公式缺乏而解吸经验公式众多的问题,通过替换解吸参数、定性和对比分析各经验公式对煤吸附CO₂,N₂,CH₄吸附速率的适用性,选取4种不同煤质的煤样在0.5,1.0和2.0 MPa下进行定温吸附实验,分析压力和煤质对吸附速率的影响规律。研究结果表明:时间函数式对3种气体在不同压力和煤质下的吸附速率拟合效果最佳;压力和煤质对3种气体吸附速率的影响既存在共性又具有差异性,气体吸附速率与压力符合指数函数关系,与挥发分呈现出二次函数关系,并且压力升高会导致最低吸附速率趋向于较高变质程度煤样;CH₄和N₂的吸附速率随压力升高而升高,而CO₂的吸附速率因煤样而不同,且在同压下,不同气体的最高和最低吸附速率煤样的变质程度也不同。     

Experimental research of LNG accidental underwater release and combustion behavior

Evaluating potential hazards caused by accidental LNG release from underwater pipelines or vessels is a significant consideration in marine transportation safety. The aim of this study was to capture the dynamic behavior of LNG jet released under water and to analyze its vapor dispersion characteristics and combustion characteristics on the water surface during different release scenarios. Controlled experiments were conducted where LNG was jet released from a cryogenic storage tank. The dynamic process of LNG being jet released from orifices of different sizes and shapes, as well as the rising plume structure, were captured by a high-speed camera. The leakage flow rate and pipeline pressure were recorded by a flow meter and pressure gauge, respectively. The concentration distribution that emanated from the water surface was measured utilizing methane sensors in different positions with various wind speeds. The flame combustion characteristics of LNG vapor clouds, which immediately ignited upon the enclosed water tank, were also recorded. Additionally, the mass burning rate of the flame on the water surface was evaluated, and a new correlation between the ratio of flame length and width was established. The results indicated a large dimensionless heat release rate (Q*) and a continuous release flow rate in a limited burning area. This study could provide greater understanding of the mechanisms of LNG release and combustion behavior under water.     

Pool evaporation: Experimental tests at medium-scale with gasoline

Pool evaporation is a major source of flammable vapour clouds. Predicting the evaporation rate of a liquid hydrocarbon pool is therefore a key issue of dispersion modelling for safety concerns. This paper presents small- and medium-scale experiments of pool evaporation carried out with liquid hydrocarbons (pentane, heptane), hydrocarbon “gasoline-like” mixtures and gasoline. Liquid mass loss was measured and the evaporation rate deduced with its evolution in time. Other observations are highlighted, regarding the evolution of liquid temperatures, mixture compositions, and scale effects like the influence of pool length on surface evaporation rate. Comparisons with well-known correlations are then shown. The authors finally suggest a new semi-empirical correlation with a set of parameters fitted on the performed experiments.     

层状氢氧化镁铝对偶氮染料酸性黑10B的脱色性能研究

分别用层状氢氧化镁铝(LDH)和焙烧层状氢氧化镁铝(CLDH)作为吸附剂吸附脱除水溶液中偶氮染料酸性黑10B.考察了脱色时间、pH值、吸附剂的投加量、温度、染料初始浓度和焙烧温度等因素对脱色率的影响.结果表明,LDH及CLDH对酸性黑10B染料具有良好的脱除效果,室温下,10g/L LDH和1g/L的CLDH对浓度为100mg/L的染料的脱色率分别达95.93%和99.97%.pH值是影响吸附能力的关键因素,吸附剂对溶液pH值有一定缓冲作用.LDH及CLDH对酸性黑10B吸附结果符合Langmuir吸附等温式.饱和吸附后的LDH及CLDH用高温热解法再生,吸附性能良好,随再生次数增多,脱色率下降.     

铁矿石对脱除烧结废气中NOx的催化效应

向混合料中加添加剂能够在烧结过程中脱除烧结废气中的NO。实验研究了铁矿石对NO脱除反应的催化效应。在900℃下,分别以5种不同铁矿石作为填料层,用2种标准气体和压缩空气配制的混合气体模拟烧结废气。试验结果表明,铁矿石种类对铁矿石的催化能力有重要影响。D型铁矿的催化能力最强而且不会发生弱化,NO转化率接近100%;其它几种铁矿石的催化能力较差,随着反应时间的延长有明显的弱化现象,但很快即基本趋于稳定状态,NO转化率达到了60%~70%。     

铁路车站X射线行李包检查系统放射防护情况调查

为调查铁路车站X射线行李包检查系统放射防护水平,2017年至2019年对6个铁路车站3种型号检测系统的行李包入口和出口,系统上盖板、左侧、右侧5个位置的空气比释动能率进行620台次检测.结果显示,620台次检测的空气比释动能率检查结果均合格,不同型号、不同检测位置空气比释动能率有统计学差异,其中C型5个检测位置的空气比...     

铬盐废水蒸发系统腐蚀突变与缓蚀工况研究

针对铬盐废水蒸发系统运行过程中的腐蚀问题,采用失重法、pH值检测、扫描电镜(SEM、EDS)和XRD等手段,模拟研究了温度、Cr3+质量浓度对20#碳钢腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物的影响,并从废水pH值和形貌分析角度探索腐蚀速率发生突变的原因.研究表明:废水Cr3+质量浓度在150～180 mg/L范围,碳钢腐蚀速率发生突增,废...     

Ce(Ⅲ)对UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆幼苗光化学反应的影响

用水培法研究Ce(Ⅲ)对UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆幼苗光化学反应的影响.结果表明, 20 mg·L^-1 CeCl₃使大豆幼苗净光合速率(Pn)、Hill反应、Mg²⁺-ATPase活性与光合磷酸化活力4项指标较对照提高23.2%～14.3%; 有效抑制UV-B辐射(T₁=0.15 W·m^-2和T₂=0.45 W·m^-2)胁迫下4项指标下降, 4项指标降幅［Ce(Ⅲ)+T₁为36.6%～15.9%,Ce(Ⅲ)+T₂为65.6%～33.2%］小于对应的UV-B辐射组(T₁为50.9%～23.3%,T₂为77.3%～51.4%). 动态变化显示, Ce(Ⅲ)减缓了胁迫期4项指标的下降趋势,促进了恢复期4项指标上升幅度. 说明Ce(Ⅲ)通过减轻UV-B辐射对大豆幼苗光化学反应的伤害, 遏制UV-B辐射胁迫下大豆幼苗Pn下降.     

不同共代谢基质下厌氧生物降解间苯二酚的研究

分别用蔗糖、葡萄糖、丁酸盐和乙醇作为驯化好的厌氧污泥的共代谢基质,在厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)中对间苯二酚的降解进行研究。结果表明:共代谢基质SCOD浓度在500～2000mg/L时,间苯二酚的降解速率很高;试验回归结果表明反应均符合一级动力学方程;反应速率常数大小依次为k丁酸盐>k蔗糖>k葡萄糖>k乙醇;当两种共代谢基质按比例1:1(SCOD)混合投加后,反应速率常数大小依次为k葡萄糖+丁酸盐>k乙醇+丁酸盐>k葡萄糖+乙醇,其中葡萄糖和丁酸盐的混合基质降解速率最高。     

蒽醌化合物的光解动力学及定量结构-性质关系

以高压汞灯为光源, 测定了15 种蒽醌化合物(ATQs)的光解速率常数(k), 讨论了取代基位置、数目及种类对ATQs 光解速率的影响.另外,选取9 种氨基蒽醌, 应用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法, 建立了关于k的定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)模型. 根据该模型, 决定k值大小的主要因素包括:分子生成热、H 原子所带最大正电荷、C 原子所带最大负电荷,以及分子最低未占据轨道与最高占据轨道能量差.