Cow dung-derived biochars engineered as antibacterial agents for bacterial decontamination

Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways. Herein, we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw material, and investigating these biochars as antibacterial agents for water decontamination. By coating the biochars with N-halamine polymer and loading them with active chlorine (i.e., Cl⁺), we were able to regulate them on demand by tuning the polymer coating and bleaching conditions. The obtained N-halamine-modified biochars were found to be extremely potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We also investigated the possibility of using these N-halamine-modified biochars for bacterial decontamination in real-world applications. Our findings indicated that a homemade filter column packed with N-halamine-modified biochars removed pathogenic bacteria from mining sewage, dairy sewage, domestic sewage, and artificial seawater. This proposed strategy could indicate a new way for utilizing livestock pollutants to create on-demand decontaminants.     

Investigation of a pyrophoric iron fire in a Visbreaker fractionation column provides better cleaning work procedure

An unexpected ignition of pyrophoric iron sulphide deposits took place in the fractionator of a Visbreaker unit. The distillation column had been chemically decontaminated prior to the event. The investigation of the event leads to conclusions concerning chemical decontamination limitations in vessels in coking service. Based on the lessons learned from this case, a prioritization of manual vessel cleaning works in coking service is proposed.     

K-600中子发生器的氚净化装置

采用摧化氧化和吸附原理,研制了一台氚净化装置.它可使氚浓度为2.3x10~6Bq/L的未净化气体净化到3.7Bq/L,去污因子(D=未净化时排放气体的氚浓度与净化后排放气体的氚浓度之比)达6.2×10~5.     

土壤中苯酚迁移转化的研究进展

近年来,由于污水灌溉和运输事故等原因造成土壤苯酚污染的事件多有发生,处理土壤苯酚污染已成为目前亟待解决的环境问题.本文根据土壤中苯酚的水运移,土壤颗粒对苯酚的吸附、土壤微生物对苯酚的降解、植物的吸收、苯酚的挥发等特性以及各种治理方法,提出土壤中苯酚污染的净化与修复措施.     

牟氏角毛藻在海水养殖废水中的生长及其对废水的净化作用

用f／2培养基作对照,利用不同浓度的海水养殖废水,对牟氏角毛藻进行了培养。结果表明：在不同浓度养殖废水处理下牟氏角毛藻的生长均有明显差异,具体生长情况如下：100％〉90％〉75％〉50％〉25％〉10％〉海水,而稍低于f／2;不同浓度养殖废水处理下牟氏角毛藻叶绿素的积累情况大致一致,f／2最高,100％、90％、75％相差不大,而50％〉25％〉10％,均高于纯海水;不同浓度海水养殖废水培养牟氏角毛藻后N、P养分均有一定的去除,NH3-N、NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P均大大降低。     

C/N比对好氧颗粒污泥性能的影响

在SBR内接种活性污泥,研究了进水C/N比对好氧颗粒污泥的影响。结果表明,在高C/N比的条件下污泥不易快速颗粒化,沉降性能差,低C/N比有利于反应器内微生物的积累,MLSS最高可达8 740 mg/L,然而过低的C/N比将导致颗粒粒径增加,结构疏松以致解体,丝状微生物过度繁殖,不利于系统的稳定。对有机物的去除受进水C/N比的影响不明显,颗粒初步形成后对COD的去除率基本维持在87%左右;在C/N比为6.67～2.86之间时,除磷效果较好,平均去除率稳定在80%以上,而C/N比过高或过低,污泥颗粒化程度差,体系内缺乏除磷所需的微观环境,不利于磷的去除;进水C/N比对NH4＋-N的去除效果影响明显,C/N比为10时,好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的脱氮效果,NH4＋-N的平均去除率达90.59%,但低C/N比能抑制硝化菌和反硝化菌的活性,当进水C/N比由5降低至2时,反应器对NH4＋-N的去除率由65.23%下降到38.77%。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls-containing electrical insulating oil contaminated soil treatment with calcium and magnesium peroxides

Calcium and magnesium peroxides were applied for the treatment of soil contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls-containing electrical insulating oil (Aroclor 1016). The removal of PCB-containing electrical insulating oil was achieved with the addition of either calcium peroxide or magnesium peroxide alone and dependent on dosages of the chemical. A 21-d treatment of 60% watered soil with the moderate addition (chemical/oil weight ratio of 0.005/1) of either calcium peroxide or magnesium peroxide resulted in nearly complete (96 ± 2%) oil removal, unsubstantial increase in soil pH and almost no changes in oxygen consumption and dehydrogenase activity, making it suitable for the soil decontamination.     

填料塔-文丘里耦合洗消设备研发与H2S洗消效率分析*

为提高H2S泄漏应急处置效率,分析H2S洗消效率影响因素,采用ASPEN模拟与实验相结合的方法获取填料层-文丘里耦合设备关键设计参数,研究进气量、入口浓度、液气比等参数对H₂S洗消效率的影响规律,并搭建填料层-文丘里耦合H2S洗消设备。结果表明:填料层-文丘里耦合洗消设备最大洗消效率达91%,可以高效处置H₂S泄漏危机。     

臭氧洗消化学战剂模拟剂DPCP试验研究

用臭氧对神经性化学战剂的模拟剂氯磷酸二苯酯（DPCP）进行洗消,试验考察了初始酸度、O₂流量、放电功率、放电室压力、反应温度、初始浓度和O₃流量等因素对DPCP降解率的影响。碱性条件下DPCP降解率高于酸性条件下的降解率;反应温度、O₃流量、放电功率的增加,DPCP降解率上升;初始浓度增加,DPCP降解率下降;氧气流量和放电室压力增加,DPCP降解率先上升,后下降。在最佳反应条件下,50 mg/L的DPCP处理16 min降解率达到98%,矿化率40.1%。     

对含不同添加剂的细水雾洗消氯气的实验研究

采用小尺度模拟实验,对含有NaOH、Ca（OH）2、Na2CO3、FeCl2等不同添加剂的细水雾和纯细水雾进行氯气洗消对比实验,系统比较了各种浓度的添加剂对洗消效率的影响。研究发现：含添加剂的细水雾克服了纯细水雾对氯气洗消效率不高、洗消不彻底等的不足,可以在较大程度上减少洗消剂用量和洗消时间。但添加剂的加入,却改变了细水雾的特性及理化性质等,因此需要根据实际的氯气泄漏情况,选择合适的洗消添加剂。