标准化学引论

论述了标准化是自然和人类社会从无序到有序的发展规律,提出了标准是标准化的结果,是维系自然与社会有序的基础。对标准进行了重新定义,提出标准化、标准的若干特性及规律,其中包括标准化的依从性、标准的主导性、标准的系统性、标准的开放性、标准自我复制和重复性、标准的信息特征、标准的统一与简化、阻力、动力原理等特性的一些新的初始概念。     

扩散源污染的定义及其研究意义

介绍了扩散源污染的标准定义、特征、学术活动和未来行动等方面，以期引起国内同行对开展扩散源污染研究的讨论和重视。     

Developing a chaotic pattern of dynamic risk definition for solving hazardous material routing-locating problem

In the case of determining routes and locations for constructing distribution centers on hazardous materials (Hazmat) transportation, risk and cost are considered as the main attributes for developing mathematical models. Since, Hazmat transport risk may be defined as a chaotic factor, using dynamic risk changes the selected routes and optimized locations for constructing distribution centers.In the present paper, an iterative procedure has been proposed to determine the best routes and optimized locations of distribution centers for transporting hazardous materials based on the concept of chaos theory in which hazmat transport risk is defined as a dynamic variable. A mathematical model has been developed for solving Hazmat routing and locating problems, simultaneously. Daily transport risk, defined as a chaotic variable, is iteratively updated using one-dimensional logistic map equation over the time period (year). An experimental road network, consists of eighty nine nodes and one hundred and three two-way edges, has been selected for analytical process and model validation. Results revealed that although different amounts of risk and cost priorities change optimized locations of distribution centers and their associated supplies, but the most frequent set of optimized centers remains independent. Therefore, the proposed procedure is capable to determine the best routes and optimized locations for distributing hazardous materials. While risk is iteratively updated over a specific time period, results show that the main property of chaos theory known as dependency upon initial condition would not be a serious concern for decision makers who are dealing with Hazmat management.     

Problem-Framing: A perspective on environmental problem-solving

The specter of environmental calamity calls for the best efforts of an involved public. Ironically, the way people understand the issues all too often serves to discourage and frustrate rather than motivate them to action. This article draws from problem-solving perspectives offered by cognitive psychology and conflict management to examine a framework for thinking about environmental problems that promises to help rather than hinder efforts to address them. Problem-framing emphasizes focusing on the problem definition. Since how one defines a problem determines one's understanding of and approach to that problem, being able to redefine or reframe a problem and to explore the “problem space” can help broaden the range of alternatives and solutions examined. Problem-framing incorporates a cognitive perspective on how people respond to information. It explains why an emphasis on problem definition is not part of people's typical approach to problems. It recognizes the importance of structure and of having ways to organize that information on one's problem-solving effort. Finally, problem-framing draws on both cognitive psychology and conflict management for strategies to manage information and to create a problem-solving environment that not only encourages participation but can yield better approaches to our environmental problems.     

关于我国环保产业的定义及发展对策的思考

本文通过对当前提出的环保产业的定义和分类存在问题的分析,提出环保产业的新概念,并对其根据生命周期理论进行重新分类。在此基础上,指出对不同类型的环保产业,应采取不同的发展对策。     

对建筑业安全文化的再思考

笔者从安全文化和文化两个层次对安全文化的定义和理论模型进行探讨;剖析目前安全文化定义中存在的两个重要分歧,并给出了安全文化模型;在已构建模型的基础上,结合建筑业的实际,通过专家访谈和文献研究,进一步明确了建筑业安全文化在社会、企业、项目和员工个人等各个层面上的内容和行为表现,以便从实践角度帮助建筑业从业人员理解建筑业安全文化;此外,提出了建筑业安全文化研究中一些有待进一步思考和探索的问题。     

Guiding principles for rewilding

There has been much recent interest in the concept of rewilding as a tool for nature conservation, but also confusion over the idea, which has limited its utility. We developed a unifying definition and 10 guiding principles for rewilding through a survey of 59 rewilding experts, a summary of key organizations’ rewilding visions, and workshops involving over 100 participants from around the world. The guiding principles convey that rewilding exits on a continuum of scale, connectivity, and level of human influence and aims to restore ecosystem structure and functions to achieve a self-sustaining autonomous nature. These principles clarify the concept of rewilding and improve its effectiveness as a tool to achieve global conservation targets, including those of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Finally, we suggest differences in rewilding perspectives lie largely in the extent to which it is seen as achievable and in specific interventions. An understanding of the context of rewilding projects is the key to success, and careful site-specific interpretations will help achieve the aims of rewilding.     

土地征收中公共利益的界定

土地征收中的公共利益在现行立法中的表述具有极大的模糊性,从土地征收、土地征收中界定公共利益的若干原则及可行性方案等几个方面进行论述,以期解决这个司法审查和行政执法中棘手的问题。     

以总量收费为基础的排污交易模式

根据在一定数量某污染物的排放权的价值与排放等量污染物应缴纳的排污费总额在理论上一致的观点推出排污交易价格定位公式,并对之加以阐述。     

露天转地下开采诱发环境破坏的动态预测

在矿产资源开发过程中,露天开采转为地下开采后,露天边坡受地下采动影响,由于两种采动影响部分重叠,造成两种采动效应相互作用,构成复合叠加效应,使得上覆岩体变形机制更加复杂、变形波及范围广。以北京某矿的开采工程实际为背景,研究了复杂的环境工程地质条件下露天转地下开采过程中地表变形的动态演变规律、滑移机制和破坏区的界定等内容,并得出了其开采过程中的动态破坏范围及其移动参数的演变特点,从而为矿山安全生产和安全防控提供了决策依据。