氯氰菊酯降解菌的筛选鉴定及其降解特性研究

从农药厂废水排放口附近的污泥中分离到1株能降解氯氰菊酯的细菌LQ-3.根据其形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA(GenBank Accession No.FJ222585)序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为Starkeya sp..LQ-3菌株只能以共代谢方式降解氯氰菊酯,在有酵母粉、蛋白胨、葡萄糖等营养物质存在的条件下,5 d内对20 mg·L-1氯氰菊酯的降解率达到72.1%.LQ-3菌株降解氯氰菊酯的最适温度为30 ℃左右,pH值为7～8.LQ-3菌株还能降解功夫菊酯、甲氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯.酶的定域试验表明,LQ-3菌株降解氯氰菊酯的酶属于胞外酶.     

两株异养硝化细菌的氨氮去除特性

从生物陶粒反应器中分离得到2株异养硝化细菌ZW2和ZW5,对2菌株的生理生化实验以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定菌株ZW2和ZW5分别为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)和粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis),并对其硝化性能和脱氮能力进行了研究.结果表明,2株细菌能在利用有机物的同时进行硝化和脱氮作用.经过60h的培养,ZW2和ZW5对氮素的去除率可以分别达到43.90%和48.52%,对COD的去除率分别为67.48%和78.21%.在此过程中,亚硝酸盐浓度一直保持在微量水平,硝酸盐稍有积累,说明2株异养硝化细菌同时也具有好氧反硝化功能.     

不同C/N值下亚硝酸盐氧化菌和异养菌混合体系的微生物多样性

采用PCR-RFLP技术研究了不同C/N比下亚硝酸盐氧化菌及异养菌混合体系的微牛物多样性,并探讨了微生物菌群结构与其功能(硝化件能)的关系.C/N=0时,混合体系主要由自养菌和寡营养菌(85.1%)组成,包括亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)、拟杆菌门、α-变形菌纲、浮霉菌门和绿色非硫细菌中的一些菌株.C/N=0.44时,混合体系中的自养菌减少,异养菌(主要是γ-变形菌纲的成员)大量出现.C/N=8.82时,γ-变形菌纲的菌株尤其是反硝化菌Pseudomonas sp.占主导(93.8%),与此同时,随着C/N升高,该混合体系的硝化性能也由专一的亚硝酸盐氧化过程转变为同时硝化反硝化过程.微生物菌群结构的转变较好地解释了其硝化性能的改变.本研究揭示了微生物菌群结构与其功能的内在联系,同时表明PCR-RFLP技术与化学分析相结合是研究微生物菌群结构与功能的有力工具.图3表2参13     

Arsenite oxidation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alcaligenes</Emphasis> sp. strain RS-19 isolated from arsenic-contaminated mines in the Republic of Korea

Arsenite [As(III)]-oxidizing bacteria play important roles in reducing arsenic [As] toxicity and mobility in As-contaminated areas. As-resistant bacteria were isolated from the soils of two abandoned mines in the Republic of Korea. The isolated bacteria showed relatively high resistances to As(III) up to 26 mM. The PCR-based 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the isolated As-resistant bacteria were close relatives to Serratia marcescensa, Pseudomonas putida, Pantoea agglomerans, and Alcaligenes sp. Among the five As-resistant bacterial isolates, Alcaligenes sp. strain RS-19 showed the highest As(III)-oxidizing activity in batch tests, completely oxidizing 1 mM of As(III) to As(V) within 40 h during heterotrophic growth. This study suggests that the indigenous bacteria have evolved to retain the ability to resist toxic As in the As-contaminated environments and moreover to convert the species to a less toxic form [e.g., from As(III) to As(V)] and also contribute the biogeochemical cycling of As by being involved in speciation of As.     

Dawson结构磷钨钒杂多酸的表征及其光催化性能

通过FTIR、UV、循环伏安法对自制的Dawson结构磷钨钒杂多酸催化剂的结构及电化学性能进行表征.以甲基橙溶液模拟工业染料废水,考察了磷钨钒杂多酸光催化降解性能的影响因素.实验结果表明:自制磷钨钒杂多酸具有Dawson结构,表现出良好的电化学性能;在磷钨钒杂多酸加入量为1.5 g/L、初始甲基橙质量浓度为10 mg/L、紫外灯功率为500W的条件下,经紫外光照射200 min,甲基橙降解率可达98.3％.     

TiO2介孔球的合成及其对双酚A的光催化降解

以不同的含钛化合物作为原料,在无模板条件下经一步溶剂热法合成了两种TiO2介孔球——TiO2-1和TiO2-2。对两种TiO2介孔球的形貌进行了表征,结果表明:TiO2-1和TiO2-2粒径分别为5.7 nm和8.0 nm;比表面积分别为159.4 m2/g和128.3 m2/g;孔径约为4.0 nm和5.0 nm。采用P25型TiO2、TiO2-1和TiO2-2对双酚A溶液进行光催化降解反应。在催化剂加入量为0.5 mg/L的条件下降解60 min,双酚A去除率分别为76.3%,99.7%,98.5%。TiO2-1和TiO2-2的光催化效果优于P25型TiO2,且TiO2-1的光催化效果更好。     

MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF PUGET SOUND BASIN STREAMS AND IDENTIFICATION OF CONTAMINANT SOURCES1

ABSTRACT: Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and somatic coliphages were detected in samples from 31 sites on streams draining urban and agricultural regions of the Puget Sound Basin Lowlands. Densities of bacteria in 48 and 71 percent of the samples exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's freshwater recreation criteria for Escherichia coli and enterococci, respectively, and 81 percent exceeded Washington State fecal coliform standards. Male‐specific coliphages were detected in samples from 15 sites. Male‐specific F⁺RNA coliphages isolated from samples taken at South Fork Thornton and Longfellow Creeks were serotyped as Group II, implicating humans as potential contaminant sources. These two sites are located in residential, urban areas. F⁺RNA coliphages in samples from 10 other sites, mostly in agricultural or rural areas, were serotyped as Group I, implicating non‐human animals as likely sources. Chemicals common to wastewater, including fecal sterols, were detected in samples from several urban streams, and also implicate humans, at least in part, as possible sources of fecal bacteria and viruses to the streams.     

基于可拓工程方法的鄱阳湖区农地生态退化评价

生态退化是鄱阳湖区农地生产效率低下和农民贫困的主要原因。研究湖区农地生态退化程度和分布规律,是进行湖区农地生态恢复和重建的前提和基础。论文通过选取具有湖区典型特征的研究区域,应用可拓工程方法进行农地生态退化评价研究。结果表明,湖区生态退化的农地占农地总面积的40%左右,主要分布在湖区水面沿线和低山、丘陵地带。森林植被衰退、过度垦殖、围湖造地、农地基础设施投入不足是湖区农地生态退化的主要原因。植树造林、退耕还林还湖、保护湿地、增加基础设施投入是湖区农地生态恢复和重建的主要途径。     

三氯乙烯在薄膜催化剂上的光催化降解动力学

研究了不同初始浓度三氯乙烯(TCE)在TiO₂薄膜催化剂上的光催化降解.结果表明,TCE在主波长为254nm的低压汞灯照射下易于发生光降解反应,而TiO₂薄膜催化剂能显著提高TCE的降解.光催化降解反应的伪一级速率常数随初始浓度的增加先升后降.在Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程基础上建立的光催化降解动力学模型包含了发生在薄膜催化剂表面的光催化氧化过程和发生的溶液体相的光降解过程,该动力学模型适用于表达低浓度有机物在薄膜催化剂上的光催化降解动力学.     

4种重金属污染对稻田土反硝化细菌的影响

在实验室条件下,研究Cd²⁺、As⁵⁺、Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺处理黄松稻田土、紫色稻田土和红壤稻田土后,4周内重金属污染对反硝化细菌种群数量及其反硝化活性的影响.结果表明,在1kg干土中加入0.5mg Cd²⁺、30mg As⁵⁺、50mg Cu²⁺和200mg Pb²⁺时,对稻田土反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性有促进作用,加入Cd²⁺、As⁵⁺、Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺分别超过1.0,60,500,400mg/kg干土时,对稻田土反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性有明显抑制作用.但反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性能逐渐恢复并接近对照水平,重金属污染越重,恢复所需的时间也越长.同一种重金属元素对不同水稻田土的反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性的影响也有差异.