Structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 films fabricated on silicon substrates by MOCVD method

Silicon(111) and Silicon(100) were employed for fabrication of TiO2 films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition( MOCVD).Titanium(Ⅳ) isopropoxide(Ti[O(C3H7)4]) was used as a precursor. The as-deposited TiO2 films were characterized with FE-SEM, XRD and AFM. The photocatalytic properties were investigated by decomposition of aqueous Orange Ⅱ. And UV-VlS photospectrometer was used for checking the absorption characteristics and photocatalytic degradation activity. The crystalline and structural properties of TiO2 film had crucial influences on the photodegradation efficiency. For MOCVD in-situ deposited films on Si substrates, the photoactivities varied following a shape of “M”: at Iower(350℃ ), middle(500℃ ) and higher(800℃ ) temperature of deposition, relative lower photodegradation activities were observed. At 400% and 700% of deposition, relative higher efficiencies of degradation were obtained, because one predominant crystallite orientation could be obtained as deposition at the temperature of two levels, especially a single anatase crystalline TiO2 film could be obtained at 700℃.     

TiO2/膨润土纳米复合光催化剂降解偶氮染料的研究

采用酸性溶胶法合成TiO2 膨润土纳米复合光催化剂 ,并研究其光催化降解阳离子偶氮染料 .X射线衍射 (XRD)分析表明 ,TiO2 膨润土纳米复合物的d0 0 1衍射角为 9 0 6° .该复合催化剂具有较高的光催化降解有机污染物的活性 ,随着光照时间的延长 ,阳离子红GTL的特征峰 490 5nm强度逐渐减弱 ,最后它的特征峰可彻底消失 ,GTL的偶氮键是最活跃的化学键 ,它易于被氧化断键 .该复合催化剂的催化活性受溶液的pH影响较大 ,在中性和碱性条件下其光催化活性更强 .适量的过氧化氢可以加速光催化氧化反应 ,但过量的H2 O2 却抑制了羟基自由基的生成 ,从而使H2 O2 的利用效率下降 ,在本实验条件下其最佳用量是 6mmol L .     

天然矿物锰矿砂对苯酚的界面吸附与降解研究

研究了天然矿物锰矿砂对苯酚的界面吸附与降解，结果表明锰矿砂对苯酚具有较强的吸附作用，较高温度，低ｐＨ值，固相与苯酚的较高质量比值有利于苯酚的吸附。吸附过程遵循二级反应动力学，吸附等温线为Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ型。应用简化的表面络合反应模式，求得了不同条件下的条件稳定常数及吸附苯酚的表面总吸附位。     

酞酸酯类有机毒物在土壤中降解规律的研究

研究了酞酸酯ＤＥＨＰ和ＤＢＦ二种增塑剂在土壤中降解规律，结果表明：土壤中ＤＥＨＰ和ＤＢＰ的降解速率可以用一级动力学方程描述，不同类型土壤对酞酸酯的降解能力是有所差别的，ＤＢＰ在土壤中比ＤＥＨＰ容易降解，土壤灭菌后，降解能力明显降低，按种接解微生物后，土壤中ＤＥＨＰ降解速率明显加快，土壤含水量和温度影响ＤＥＨＰ和ＤＢＰ的降解速率；本试验从土壤中分离出降解ＤＥＨＰ的细菌９株和真菌１１株。     

辽河平原土壤背景值区域特征及分布规律

本文对辽河平原各土类、亚类、土属、区域土壤背景值含量范围和区域特征进行了探讨,并列出该区土壤元素间相互关系回归方程和相关矩阵,研究结果表明:(1)该区多数土壤元素含量处于世界土壤元素含量的下限;(2)土壤变异系数多为30—50%;(3)各剖面中元素迁移系数为0.9—1.0;(4)土壤元素背景值分布规律为东南部大于西、北部。     

Comparison between inhibitor and uncoupler for minimizing excess sludge production of an activated sludge process

In order to study the minimization of excess sludge production, the reduction in the excess sludge production in the presence of an inhibitor and uncoupler was studied in this work. The experimental results show that such an addition could effectively reduce the production of excess sludge. With the energy uncoupling model established in this work, energy uncoupling coefficient (E _u) was used to evaluate the reduction in excess sludge production. The energy uncoupling coefficients in the presence of dinitrophenol (dNP), Zn²⁺, and Cu²⁺ was 0.75, 0.46, and 0.18, respectively. The analysis demonstrated that energy spilling occurred in the presence of dNP, and that dNP was an effective uncoupler for reducing the production of excess activated sludge without affecting the microbial respiration activity.     

UBET在圆环压缩中的应用及绘制理论校准曲线精度的讨论

将UBET用于求解压缩圆环问题 ,可简便快速地取得上限解 ;进而采用该解绘制塑性加工中测量摩擦系数的理论校准曲线。对中性层的位置进行了精确求解 ;分析了绘制理论校准曲线时 ,总压缩量、压缩步长量等参数对其结果的影响     

土壤退化研究的进展与趋向

定义了土壤退化的概念 ,分析了全球及我国土壤退化概况 ,总结了土壤退化的研究进展 ,最后提出了土壤退化科学的研究方向     

石油降解菌株的分离及其降解特性研究

从广州石化厂污水中分离到一株能降解石油的细菌，并对该菌的降解特性进行了研究。结果表明，该菌在原油培养基中培养3d能降解61．17％的原油，培养13d原油的降解率达88．71％；在pH7．0左右生长最好，除油率达到88．66％；接种量、菌龄对菌的除油率有较大影响；氮磷营养盐的影响非常显著，而水体盐度对除油率影响不大，在加入补充氮磷盐的淡水和海水中除油率均在70％以上。该菌能以石蜡为碳源生长，而不能利用芳烃。