环境友好型城市指标体系的研究

在提出环境友好型城市的基础上,阐述了环境友好型城市的基本内涵,提出了建设环境友好型城市环境指标体系的原则,并从DPSR(驱动力、压力、状态、响应)方面选取了具体指标,构成了环境友好型城市完整的环境指标体系,同时对各评价指标因子的量化标准值的确定进行了分析研究,并提出了指标体系的计算方法和今后环境指标的研究方向。     

环境友好型城市指标体系的研究

在提出环境友好型城市的基础上,阐述了环境友好型城市的基本内涵,提出了建设环境友好型城市环境指标体系的原则,并从DPSR（驱动力、压力、状态、响应）方面选取了具体指标,构成了环境友好型城市完整的环境指标体系,同时对各评价指标因子的量化标准值的确定进行了分析研究,并提出了指标体系的计算方法和今后环境指标的研究方向。     

元氏矿井东水仓软岩支护研究

介绍了围岩为软岩,受地应力影响情况下水仓为软岩时巷道的设计思路与支护方法,在传统支护形式不能起到有效的效果情况下,将地铁施工技术和井下常规支护相结合,控制井下水对围岩的破坏,通过预留一定的变形量,采取柔性支护和反底拱支护形式,允许巷道有一定的变形量,以抵消围岩的变形;同时将临时支护作为永久支护体的一部分,允许巷道有一定的抗变形能力,通过巷道底板的反底拱支护,控制巷道底鼓,增加巷道底板的强度,提高支护的整体能力.先通过临时柔性支护将围岩的应力释放与卸压,再进行永久刚性支护,刚、柔支护相结合,达到好的支护效果.     

一株低温高效植物油降解菌的驯化筛选及固定化研究

为了解决因低温而导致的废水中油脂难以处理的问题,从冬季重庆大学餐厅排污管道的底泥中分离出1株可低温降解植物油的菌株DJ-1。将此菌株多次驯化培养后,在5℃条件下利用其对含20g/L菜籽油复筛培养基的模拟含油废水进行处理。经过3 d处理,可去除废水中70.63%的植物油。经16S rDNA测序分析,该菌株为假单胞菌的一个未定种属(相似度为99%)。使用泥炭和木屑作为固定化载体,按照m(泥炭)∶m(木屑)∶m(菌液)=1∶4∶20的比例将扩培后的DJ-1菌剂制作成细菌固定化菌粉。在5℃条件下利用菌粉对含20 g/L菜籽油复筛培养基的模拟含油废水进行处理,菌粉投加量为0.15 g/L。经过3 d处理,废水中植物油的降解率达到77.34%,5 d后达到85.22%。     

Between international donors and local faith communities: Intermediaries in humanitarian assistance to Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon

This paper explores the crucial part that faith‐based organisations (FBOs) play in acting as intermediaries between international donors and local faith communities (LFCs) implementing humanitarian relief projects for Syrian refugees. Humanitarian responses to the mounting Syrian refugee crisis have coincided with greater collaboration between international donors and LFCs. This cooperation often is facilitated by a complex web of non‐state intermediaries at the international, national, and local level. This study probes the breadth of roles of these intermediaries, drawing on primary data from case studies of two Christian intermediaries supporting Christian LFCs as they deliver aid primarily to Muslim Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon. The results of the study are connected to the wider literature on LFCs in humanitarian response, revealing how intermediaries address issues of accountability, capacity‐building, impartiality, neutrality, and professionalism. The paper concludes by offering suggestions for further research on intermediaries as key actors in the localisation of humanitarian assistance.     

耐热石油烃降解混合菌的筛选及其群落结构分析

对克拉玛依采集的部分石油污染土壤进行了筛选,得到了5组石油烃高效降解混合菌,其中混合菌KL9-1在45℃的条件下,通过7 d的降解,稀油的降解率达到43.27%,稠油的降解率达到20.09%。混合菌KL9-1经过多次分离纯化后,获得3株具有石油烃降解能力的优势单菌,3株单菌对稀油的降解率都在30%以上。结合分离单菌株的形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列的分析结果,初步鉴定KL9-1-1为Pseudomonas putida,KL9-1-2和KL9-1-3为Pseudomonas sp.。     

润滑油降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性

以HVI 500润滑油为唯一碳源进行选择性富集培养,从油污染土壤中筛选出3株菌,分别命名为SN0901,SN0902和SN0903. 采用重铬酸钾法测定含HVI 500润滑油培养液的ρ(COD_Cr),用以评价分离菌对润滑油的降解能力. 结果表明,由于润滑油降解而使培养液ρ(COD_Cr)降低,即3株菌均为HVI 500润滑油降解菌. 根据形态学观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA基因序列比对分析,初步确定3株菌分别属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum)和博德特氏菌属(Bordetella). 采用倾注平板法对不同温度下降解菌的菌落计数,采用重铬酸钾法测定不同pH下培养液的ρ(COD_Cr). 结果显示,温度和pH对菌株降解作用影响显著,3株菌最适宜的降解温度为30～34 ℃,pH为6.0～7.8,但每株菌的最适宜降解温度和pH稍有不同.      

耐低温混菌降解苯系物的特性及菌种鉴定研究

以吉化双苯厂被硝基苯、苯系物（BTEX）污染的土壤为菌源,经过筛选驯化得到一组在低温条件（10℃）下可降解苯系物（BTEX）的混菌。室内研究表明,在10℃,pH=6.8,苯系物（BTEX）总质量浓度200mg·L^-1的条件下,84h后该菌对苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯的降解率依次为93.2%、95.6%、91%、88.4%、对6种质量浓度的苯系物（BTEX）污染物中最难降解的苯进行降解动力学曲线模拟,当苯质量浓度小于17.48mg·L-1时,降解符合一级降解动力学,当苯的质量浓度为17.48～195.30mg·L^-1时,降解符合零级降解动力学、该混菌降解效果稳定、适应环境能力强,经80次传代后仍能保持良好的降解效果,且在6个不同地区含有不同背景组成的地下水中降解效果稳定、应用Biolog细菌自动鉴定系统和16SrDNA序列分析方法对降解率较高的3株菌B2、B4、B6作菌种鉴定,B2为嗜麦芽糖寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia）,B4为斑生假单胞菌（Pseudomonas maculicola）,B6为多刺假单胞菌（Pseudomonas spinosa）。     

Basic Principles and Ecological Consequences of Altered Flow Regimes for Aquatic Biodiversity

The flow regime is regarded by many aquatic ecologists to be the key driver of river and floodplain wetland ecosystems. We have focused this literature review around four key principles to highlight the important mechanisms that link hydrology and aquatic biodiversity and to illustrate the consequent impacts of altered flow regimes: Firstly, flow is a major determinant of physical habitat in streams, which in turn is a major determinant of biotic composition; Secondly, aquatic species have evolved life history strategies primarily in direct response to the natural flow regimes; Thirdly, maintenance of natural patterns of longitudinal and lateral connectivity is essential to the viability of populations of many riverine species; Finally, the invasion and success of exotic and introduced species in rivers is facilitated by the alteration of flow regimes. The impacts of flow change are manifest across broad taxonomic groups including riverine plants, invertebrates, and fish. Despite growing recognition of these relationships, ecologists still struggle to predict and quantify biotic responses to altered flow regimes. One obvious difficulty is the ability to distinguish the direct effects of modified flow regimes from impacts associated with land-use change that often accompanies water resource development. Currently, evidence about how rivers function in relation to flow regime and the flows that aquatic organisms need exists largely as a series of untested hypotheses. To overcome these problems, aquatic science needs to move quickly into a manipulative or experimental phase, preferably with the aims of restoration and measuring ecosystem response.     

微生物燃料电池在污水处理中的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)利用微生物催化剂将其代谢能直接转化为电能,具有原料广泛、反应条件温和、清洁高效等优点.简述了MFC的工作原理及分类,总结了用于污水处理的MFC的性能及其影响因素.探讨了MFC在实际应用中的瓶颈,并展望其在污水处理中的应用前景.