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对胞壁结合型生物破乳菌Alcaligenes sp.S-XJ-1的表面破乳活性物质进行提取和初步鉴定,并探讨了菌体和表面活性物质的破乳过程,以揭示生物破乳菌的破乳特性.采用碱液提取破乳菌表面活性物质,并通过单因素试验和正交试验得到最优提取条件:温度35℃、碱液浓度0.08 mol.L-1、料液比12 g.L-1、提取时间4 h,在此条件下提取率为36.1%,500 mg.L-1破乳菌表面活性物质48 h破乳率为77%;采用凝胶过滤色谱和红外光谱对破乳菌表面活性物质的分子量和表面基团进行分析,发现其相对分子质量分布于55~61 256,表面存在糖脂类、脂类和蛋白类物质的特征基团;成分分析表明破乳菌表面活性物质含糖类、脂类和蛋白类分别为22.2%、7.5%和13.4%.胰蛋白酶处理破乳菌表面活性物质几乎使其完全丧失破乳活性,表明蛋白类物质是其破乳活性的关键因素.使用稳定性分析仪对破乳菌菌体和表面活性物质的破乳过程进行分析,发现二者破乳过程有较大差异,菌体表面活性物质是菌体破乳活性的主要来源,菌体表面结构在破乳过程中起辅助作用,菌体的破乳性能是破乳活性物质和菌体形态共同作用的结果. 相似文献
33.
以从石油污染的土壤中筛选出1株生物破乳菌Alcaligenes sp.S-XJ-1为对象,考察了以葡萄糖为碳源时添加酵母提取物对生物破乳菌菌体性质、破乳性能以及菌体元素组成的影响.结果表明,酵母提取物的投加能够有效提高生物破乳菌产量,在酵母提取物浓度为5 g.L-1时,生物破乳菌产量达到3.0 g.L-1,此时葡萄糖利用率亦达到最大的58%.随着酵母提取物的投加浓度的增大,培养得到的菌体破乳性能提高,在投加浓度为10 g.L-1时,破乳率达到76%;而培养得到的菌体C/N有所降低,对其菌体表面蛋白进行提取测定发现菌体总蛋白含量升高,这与FTIR分析破乳菌菌体表面蛋白质类物质提高的结论一致.推测该生物破乳菌菌体蛋白含量的提高增强了菌体的破乳性能,菌体蛋白类物质是影响其破乳性能的关键组分之一. 相似文献
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李波 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2009,(3):28-29
城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液是一种成分复杂的高浓度有机废水,处理难度很大。对投加特殊菌种处理垃圾渗滤液进行了试验研究,提出了相关的运行参数,并与普通活性污泥法进行了比较。发现特殊菌种的投加大大提高了垃圾渗滤液中污染物的去除效果。 相似文献
36.
通过实验从镉污染土壤中初筛得到了5株细菌和2株酵母菌,分别对这7株菌进行了耐镉性研究,通过对其生物量的比较,得到了2株(TLB-1和TLB-2)耐镉性较强的细菌。TLB-1和TLB-2在最佳条件下培养后,考察了TLB-1和TLB-2菌在不同吸附时间、pH值、Cd2+浓度和温度等条件下的吸附效果。实验结果表明,这2株细菌都能在有Cd2+的情况下存活,并且对Cd2+具有良好的吸附效果,其吸附率可分别达到79.85%和89.04%。 相似文献
37.
Improvement of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) analytical method for reclaimed water 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xin ZHAO Hongying HU Shuming LIU Feng JIANG Xiaolei SHI Mingtang LI Xueqiao XU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(4):483-491
Microbial growth is an issue of concern that may cause hygienic and aesthetic problems during the transportation and usage of reclaimed water. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) is an important parameter which determines the heterotrophic bacterial growth potential of water. Pseudomonas fluorescens P17 and Spirillum sp. NOX are widely used to measure AOC in drinking water. The AOC values of various reclaimed water samples determined by P17 and NOX were compared with those determined by the new strains isolated from reclaimed water in this study. It showed that the conventional test strains were not suitable for AOC measurement of reclaimed water in certain cases. In addition to P17 and NOX, Stenotrophomonas sp. ZJ2, Pseudomonas saponiphila G3 and Enterobacter sp. G6, were selected as test strains for AOC measurement of reclaimed water. Key aspects of the bioassay including inoculum cell density, incubation temperature, incubation time and the pH of samples were evaluated for the newly selected test strains. Higher inoculum density (104 CFU·mL-1) and higher incubation temperature (25°C) could reduce the time required for the tests. The AOC results of various collected samples showed the advantages of the method proposed based on those five strains in evaluating the biologic stability of reclaimed water. 相似文献
38.
To improve the efficiency of oil degradation and strengthen the harmless treatment of oily sludge, three dominant strains identified as Chryseomicrobium sp. YL2, Gordonia sp. YL3 and Acinetobacter sp. YL5 were isolated from soil near a refinery, and the effects on the bioremediation of the oily sludge from the refinery were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of oil degradation increased by 31.5% compared with the control when the dominant strains were added to the treatment of oily sludge. Furthermore, the dominant strains could use oil as a carbon source for heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification. The addition of ammonia nitrogen resulted in a large number of remaining microbes and heightened dehydrogenase activity in the oily sludge, further accelerating oil degradation, mainly for C11 to C25 saturated hydrocarbons, and the oil degradation efficiency increased by 40.8%. After 120 days of bioremediation, the biotoxicity of oily sludge, which was expressed by the equivalent phenol concentration, decreased by 40.0% compared with that of the control, indicating that the addition of ammonia nitrogen enhanced the biodegradation of oil. This method can be used to strengthen the harmless treatment of oily sludge in practical engineering applications. 相似文献
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两相厌氧流化床中优势菌种降解硝基苯废水的特性 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
构建了从强化传质与优势菌相结合的两相厌氧流化床生物降解体系,考察了水力停留时间(HRT)与上流速度2种水力特征以及共基质、pH、进水浓度等主要过程因素对优势菌种降解硝基苯的影响.结果显示,反应器在HRT为36h、上流速度为4 m/h时获得较好的处理效果;菌种需要pH 7.5的条件下以葡萄糖为共基质降解硝基苯,且两者的最佳质量比约为6;当进水硝基苯浓度为50~345 mg/L时,对硝基苯平均降解率和降解速率分别达到91.1%和120.9 mg/(L·d),且可耐受2.5倍以内的浓度负荷冲击.由此表明良好的反应器水力条件及优势菌种的结合可使高毒性的硝基苯在厌氧条件下有效地降解. 相似文献