关于环境监理稽查

环境监理稽查包括两方面内容：一是上级环境保护行政主管部门跨越行政级别直接查处环境行政违法案件；二是查处违法环境行政行为，对其作用进行了探讨。     

Sanfilippo D syndrome: Correction of glucosamine-6-sulphatase deficiency following fibroblast culture in chang's media

The de-O-sulphation of α-linked glucosamine-6-sulphate residues in heparan sulphate requires a specific sulphatase, glucosamine-6-sulphatase, which has been shown to be deficient in tissues of Sanfilippo D, or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (MPS IIID), patients. MPS IIID fibroblasts cultured in Basal Eagle's medium supplemented with either fetal calf serum or heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, MDCB or Ultraserg media had residual glucosarnine-6-sulphatase activities towards a heparin-derived trisaccharide substrate, O-(α-N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphate)-(1→4)-L -O-(α-iduronic acid-2-sulphate)-(1→4)-D -O-2,5-anhydro [1-³H]mannitol-6-sulphate, GlcNAc6S-IdoA2S-anM6S, which were less than 1 per cent of the normal range for fibroblasts cultured in Basal Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. However, the glucosamine-6-sulphatase activities of MPS IIID fibroblasts grown in Chang's medium were similar to the activities in normal control fibroblasts which were cultured in Basal Eagle's medium. These results indicate that caution is required for prenatal diagnosis of MPS IIID patients using chorionic villi or amniotic cells cultured in Chang's medium.     

SBBR同步硝化反硝化处理生活污水的影响因素

序批式生物膜反应器SBBR采用塑料鲍尔环填料,在有氧情况下用于处理实际生活污水.该反应器能很好地创造缺氧微环境,载体生物膜具有吸附储碳能力,出现了良好的同步硝化和反硝化现象.反应器中溶解氧浓度在较大的范围内(0.8～4.0 mg·L-1)能有效地实现同步硝化和反硝化.当溶解氧浓度大于4.0 mg·L-1后,TN容积去除率大幅下降,出水TN大幅上升.增加载体生物膜厚度有利于同步硝化和反硝化.进水浓度基本不影响脱氮的效率,但出水TN随进水浓度增加而升高,建议原水浓度高时可增加后续脱氮处理或减少进水量来满足出水要求.优化运行方法和参数后,SBBR连续运行的TN去除率可稳定在74%～82%.     

植物根系对镉毒害的防御及其代谢

本文采用植物根系生物量、根系内活性氧清除酶活性变化和植物表观中毒症状作指标 ,研究了 Cd毒害对草坪植物的毒性作用、根系应激反应。结果表明 ,当土壤溶液中 Cd浓度达 1.5× 10 - 3mol· dm- 3时 ,植物体内活性氧代谢、生长状况将出现异常 ,甚至出现明显的表观中毒症状。 Cd对植物体内清除酶活性的毒性强度为 CAT>SOD>POD。匍匐翦股颖 (Agrostis stolonifera)根系对 Cd毒害的抵抗作用强于多年生黑麦草 (L olium perernne)。     

纳米复合GeO2/TiO2的制备及光催化性能研究

采用改进的Sol-gel方法,制备了一种新型的单分散椭球形微孔结构的纳米GeO2/TiO2复合光催化剂,并用TG-DTA、XRD、XPS、UV-vis、FT-IR、TEM、BET等手段进行了表征.以难生化降解的染料罗丹明B为目标降解物,采用HPLC测定不同光照时间下催化剂对染料降解的情况,考察了催化剂的光催化活性结果表明,改进的Sol-gel法制得的复合光催化剂具有明显的孔结构,而且比表面积大、粒径小、粒径分布窄、分散性好;与适量GeO2复合后能够有效提高TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性;复合光催化剂的最佳制备条件为GeO2摩尔含量为0.1%,煅烧温度为400℃,所制得的GeO2/TiO2光催化活性比纯TiO2有显著提高.     

Impact of triazophos insecticide on paddy soil environment

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｉｃｅｉｓｔｈｅｓｔａｐｌｅｄｉｅｔａｒｏｕｎｄ 3 0 %ｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｒｏｕｎｄ 60 %ｏｆｔｈｅＡｓｉａｎｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｉｓｃｒｏｐｉｓｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙｏｒｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｅｄｕｎｄｅｒｓｕｂｍｅｒｇｅｄｓｏｉｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｒｅａｓｏｎｓｏｆｂｅｔｔｅｒｙｉｅｌｄｓａｎｄｔｏｐｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ(Ｒｅｉｃｈａｒｄｔ,1 997) .Ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆｓｏｉｌｍ…     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

有机磷酸酯诱导迟发性神经毒性及其对神经毒性酯酶(NTE)活性影响的动态研究

以成年产卵来航母鸡为试验动物，研究了三甲基苯基磷酸酯诱导的迟发性神经毒性。试验发现，母鸡口服ＴＯＣＰ后经过大约８－１０ｄ的潜伏期开始出现中毒症状，其表现为以步态失调为主要特征的运动障碍呈进行性加重，至２１ｄ开始便发展为瘫痪。     

固定化多酚氧化酶传感器检测酚类化合物研究

用从马铃薯中提纯、经吸附交联得到的固定化多酚氧化酶与氧电极组装设计而成的酚传感器，可检测大多数酚类化合物，其灵敏度，准确度，线性范围，响应速度，稳定性及抗干扰性，均可基本满足要求。研究证明，该法具有一定的开发实用价值。     

生物陶粒流化床-污泥滤层脱氮工艺的试验研究

采用生物陶粒流化床-污泥滤层工艺对含氮有机废水处理进行试验研究,研究结果表明:系统内可固着生长不受抑制的硝化菌种群,氨氮去除率可以达到93%￣95%;三相分离区形成稳定的污泥滤层,可使总氮去除率得以显著提高;当HRT为1.5h,曝气量为0.25m3/h,BOD容积负荷为9.2～10.4BOD5/m3.d,总氮容积负荷0.65kgTN/m3.d条件下,可得到BOD5的去除率85%,总氮去除率74%的处理效果。