厌氧水解酸化-好氧氧化A1/A2/O工艺剩余污泥减量

在碱减量印染废水A₁/A₂/O生物处理系统,通过污泥回流、把剩余污泥回流到A₁段,利用A段污泥的水解、酸化和O段微生物的好氧氧化作用可有效实现对回流剩余污泥的减量,同时O段好氧污泥的表观产率系数下降,系统产生的剩余污泥量减少.厌氧水解酸化-好氧氧化A₁/A₂/O工艺实现污泥减量由3段共同完成:A₁段实现回流剩余污泥的“液化”和惰性化;A₂段对系统污泥减量起到了强化作用;而O段微生物的合成作用在逐渐减弱.6个月连续运行的动态试验表明,在A₁段的容积负荷(COD_Cr)为2.54 kg·(m³·d)^-1、水力停留时间为7.56h条件下,A₁段利用水解酸化作用对回流剩余污泥的减量达到67.87%,系统O段好氧污泥的表观产率系数也下降到试验初始时的45.5%.在A₁/A₂/O污泥减量系统中,各段污泥性状发生了变化,A₁段污泥[MLVSS/MLSS]值从试验开始时的0.718 2下降到0.592 2,A₂段污泥[MLVSS/MLSS]值从0.667 3下降到0.526 7,剩余污泥的减量是活性污泥逐渐惰性化过程,污泥的粒度分析也证明了这一点.     

MIC厌氧反应器在500m^3/d柠檬酸废水处理工程中的应用

MIC反应器是在UASB反应器的基础上发展起来的第三代厌氧反应器,它具有效率高、能耗低、投资少、占地省等优点。作者所在单位自行研制、安装、调试的生产规模500 m^3MIC反应器用于处理高浓度柠檬酸生产废水,采用城市污水处理厂的絮状污泥进行启动,经过两个多月的调试和实际运行,在水力停留时间20小时,容积负荷8 kgCOD/（m^3·d）时,COD去除率仍始终在92%左右,并转入稳定运行。     

强化厌氧污泥体系同步脱硫反硝化特性研究

以硫化物为电子给体的自养反硝化厌氧体系是代替传统异养反硝化工艺处理低C/N比含氮废水的有效工艺,可以同时去除硫化物和硝酸盐.将脱氮硫杆菌菌悬液接种到厌氧污泥体系中,脱氮硫杆菌快速富集,采用5组进水比N/S比不同的反应瓶进行试验,运行15d后,测定不同时段的出水硫化物、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硫酸盐浓度等指标,考察强化厌氧污泥体系去除硫化物和硝酸盐的特性,并对生化反应机制进行初步研究.结果表明,强化厌氧污泥体系运行3h后,进水中90%的硫化物被去除,硫化物的去除与进水N/S比无关,硫化物(以S计)去除速率高达20～24g·(m3·h)-1,是相关文献报道的10倍左右;运行6h后,进水中65%的硝氮被去除,硝氮的去除负荷随着进水N/S比的提高而增大,最高达到940g·(m3·h)-1,约为硫自养反硝化体系硝氮去除负荷的2倍,此时体系中亚硝氮积累,最高浓度达到93mg·L-1,进水N/S比低的条件下,6h后亚硝氮消失,进水N/S比较高时,21h后出水中未检测到亚硝氮.表明强化厌氧污泥体系停留6h后可以实现同时去除硫化物和硝酸盐,但硝酸盐首先转化为亚硝氮.与以往不同的是研究发现硫化物与生物硫粒产生多硫化合物的链式反应,是硫化物迅速转化的主要途径,此外,还原硝氮的电子给体并不来源于硫化物,可能主要来源于体系中产生的单质硫.     

一体化生物除磷脱氮技术--反硝化除磷

介绍了一种高效、节能的生物除磷脱氮技术-反硝化除磷。通过与传统生物除磷技术的比较,总结反硝化除磷的机理、影响因素并探讨它在脱氮好氧颗粒污泥中的应用。     

电场与MnxCey催化剂在苯氧化反应中的协同效应及机理探究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）大量排放已成为日益严重的环境问题,为了实现VOCs的高效去除,本文采用自蔓延燃烧合成法制备了一系列锰铈复合氧化物催化剂,将稳恒直流电场引入典型VOCs气体苯的催化氧化过程,并基于不同电场条件下催化剂的理化性质表征结果进行机理分析.实验结果表明,Mn_xCe_y催化剂对含苯废气的去除有良好的效果,稳恒直流电场显著促进了催化剂的活性,其中Mn₁Ce₃的催化性能最佳,电流为5 mA时,Mn₁Ce₃催化剂在155℃可达到50%的苯转化率,在202.4℃可达到90%的苯转化率,对应的转化温度T₅₀和T₉₀比传统方法分别降低了62.4℃和48.3℃,且电场中的反应活化能由52.32 kJ·mol^-1降低至32.31 kJ·mol^-1.根据实验现象及表征结果,发现协同效应与活性位点的快速持续再生及活性氧物种的转化有关,由此提出苯在Mn_xCe_y催化剂上的氧化机理及电场协同催化的反应模型.     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from different soil fractions by persulfate oxidation

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different soil fractions of contaminated soil was investigated by using activated persulfate oxidation remediation in our research. The results showed that the light fraction, which accounted for only 10% of the soil, contained 30% of the PAHs at a concentration of 4352?mg/kg. The heavy fraction contained more high-molecular-weight PAHs, and the total PAH concentration was 625?mg/kg. After being oxidized, the removal rate of PAHs was 39% in the light fraction and nearly 90% in the heavy fraction. Among the different fractions of the heavy fraction, humic acid contained the highest concentration of PAHs, and consequently, the highest removal efficiency of PAHs was also in humic acid. Compared with the light fraction, the heavy fraction has more aromatic compounds and those compounds were broken down during the oxidation process, which may be the removal mechanism involved in the oxidation of high-ring PAHs. Similarly, the enhancement of C = C bonds after oxidation can also explain the poor removal of high-ring PAHs in the light fraction. These results imply that different fractions of soil vary in composition and structure, leading to differences in the distribution and oxidation efficiencies of PAHs.     

不同类型秸秆对污泥厌氧消化特性及细菌群落结构的影响

为促进污水处理厂污泥及农作物秸秆的资源化利用,探讨不同类型秸秆（玉米、小麦、水稻）对污泥厌氧消化特性、产气效果及细菌群落结构的影响,在中温〔（35±1）℃〕下,研究了污泥与秸秆按不同质量比（1:0、1:0.5、1:1、1:1.5）联合厌氧消化对污泥C/N（碳氮比）和厌氧消化环境中pH、ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（VFAs）（VFAs为挥发性脂肪酸）、日均沼气产量及φ（CH₄）、细菌群落的特征变化,以未添加秸秆的污泥厌氧消化为CK（对照）.结果表明:不同类型秸秆的添加对厌氧消化体系的pH、ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（VFAs）均产生显著影响,秸秆的加入明显提高了厌氧消化体系的产气量.联合厌氧消化可通过优化厌氧消化底物的C/N,从而增加ρ（VFAs）和φ（CH₄）.其中,污泥与玉米秸秆质量比为1:1.5时对厌氧消化的促进作用最为显著;其沼气日产量为2 303.08 mL,比CK（536.15 mL）提高了3倍以上,而沼气中φ（CH₄）最高为54.49%,比CK（37.07%）提高46.99%.此外,不同类型秸秆的添加也可通过改变细菌群落结构从而促进秸秆降解,增加ρ（VFAs）和提高沼气产量,特别是添加秸秆后,Bacteroidetes会逐渐取代Proteobacteria成为主要的产酸菌种,从而导致ρ（VFAs）增加.研究显示,污泥与秸秆联合厌氧消化可改善污泥营养结构,改变细菌群落结构,提高沼气产量.      

普光气田含硫污水尾气处理工艺应用与优化

针对中国石化普光气田产出水属于典型的含硫污水,密闭处理系统中产生大量高含硫尾气,论述了尾气处理工艺中存在的问题,优化了单一的生物除硫、活性炭吸附工艺,增加了一级碱洗、氧化除硫工艺,实现尾气达标排放。     

微波诱导催化氧化处理废光盘回收废水的研究

采用微波催化氧化处理废光盘回收废水,探讨了微波功率等因素对废光盘回收废水处理效果的影响,获得了最佳工艺条件:100mLCOD为4217mg/L的废水(初始pH=4)在微波功率为800W,辐射10min,活性炭用量1g,H_2O_2用量1mL,FeSO_4用量为0.08g的条件下,COD去除率达到93.7%。     

An autotrophic nitrogen removal process：Short-cut nitrification combined with ANAMMOX for treating diluted effluent from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachate

A combined process consisting of a short-cut nitrification (SN) reactor and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation upflow anaerobic sludge bed (ANAMMOX) reactor was developed to treat the diluted effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating high ammonium municipal landfill leachate.The SN process was performed in an aerated upflow sludge bed (AUSB) reactor (working volume 3.05 L),treating about 50% of the diluted raw wastewater.The ammonium removal efficiency and the ratio of NO 2 N to NOx-N in the effluent were both higher than 80%,at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 1.47 kg/(m 3 ·day).The ANAMMOX process was performed in an UASB reactor (working volume 8.5 L),using the mix of SN reactor effluent and diluted raw wastewater at a ratio of 1:1.The ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency reached over 93% and 95%,respectively,after 70-day continuous operation,at a maximum total nitrogen loading rate of 0.91 kg/(m 3 ·day),suggesting a successful operation of the combined process.The average nitrogen loading rate of the combined system was 0.56 kg/(m 3 ·day),with an average total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency 87%.The nitrogen in the effluent was mostly nitrate.The results provided important evidence for the possibility of applying SN-ANAMMOX after UASB reactor to treat municipal landfill leachate.