SC菌剂对废水中Cu~(2 )去除的初步研究

用研制的SC菌剂作生物吸附剂 ,研究了其在不同菌铜比 ,pH、温度及作用时间条件下对Cu2 的去除效果。结果表明 ,在获得的最佳条件下 ,对不同Cu2 浓度的印刷电路板废水中Cu2 的去除效果明显 ,达 95 48%和 86 74%。     

卧式电除尘器电晕极优化实验研究

运用粉尘粒子荷电原理,对四种电晕极的主要技术性能进行了试验研究,探讨了卧式电除尘器的最佳极配形式。     

广州市在用机动车排气抽检工作若干问题探讨

介绍了广州市在用机动车抽检工作情况和程序,分析了排气抽检工作中存在的问题,提出了解决问题的建议和方法。     

2种铀矿井下常用口罩对气溶胶粒子的过滤特性研究

为探究铀矿井下常用的2种口罩对气溶胶粒子的过滤特性,在我国南方某铀矿山,利用APS3321型空气动力学粒径谱仪对井下工作人员常用纱布口罩和KN95型口罩的过滤特性进行了研究.井下气溶胶监测数据显示,该铀矿井下典型作业场所PM10的质量浓度介于0.069～ 9.800 mg/m3,个数浓度介于173.918 ～2 561.600个/cm3;PM2.5的质量浓度介于0.039～0.479 mg/m3之间,个数浓度介于173.100～2 556.382个/cm3之间.口罩过滤特性试验结果表明:1)KN95型口罩和纱布口罩对PM10的平均过滤效率分别为95％和76％,对PM2.5的平均过滤效率分别为93％和61％,可见KN95型口罩过滤效率明显高于纱布口罩;2)在0.5～3.5 μm粒径范围内,2种口罩对颗粒物的过滤效率均随粒径增大而增大,在3.5～ 10μm粒径范围内,2种口罩对不同粒径颗粒物的过滤效率均接近100％;3)无论从质量浓度还是个数浓度来看,经口罩过滤后的气溶胶粒子大多数分布在2.5μm粒径范围内,表明PM2.5是主要的气溶胶污染物.     

基于生命周期的轨道交通能耗与碳排放分析

轨道交通的高效低污染特征备受关注,以广佛二期地铁为研究对象,测算广佛二期地铁的能源消费量,以及CO2、CH4、N2O等温室气体(Greenhouse Gases,GHGs)排放量;再基于生命周期理论,采用量化方法对比广佛二期地铁与出租车、私人载客汽车、公交车、私人摩托车4种客运交通工具的能源利用效率、能源强度、碳排放强度;最后,分析广佛二期地铁对佛山市交通行业能耗和GHGs排放的影响.结果表明,广佛二期地铁近期能源消费量为4 562.95 t标准煤,CO2排放量为12 651.57 t,CH4排放量为0.152 t,N2O排放量为0.201 t.与燃油机动车相比,广佛二期地铁具有更高的能源利用效率,同时具有较高的节能减排潜力.研究表明,广佛二期地铁的开通不但是缓解佛山市机动车辆增长的重要方式,而且对城市交通节能减排具有重要意义.     

喷嘴直径对降尘效果影响的试验研究

为提高喷雾降尘效率,以改善作业环境,有必要研究喷嘴直径与降尘效果间的关系。基于自行设计的喷雾降尘试验系统,采用马尔文实时高速喷雾粒度分析仪、高速摄像仪及粉尘浓度测定仪对不同直径喷嘴的雾化特性参数和降尘效率进行测定。结果表明,在相同喷雾压力下,随着喷嘴直径的增大,全尘降尘效率持续增加,而呼吸性粉尘降尘效率先增加后减小,并在喷嘴直径为1.5 mm时达到最大值;在耗水量相同的情况下,随着喷嘴直径的增大,全尘和呼吸性粉尘降尘效率均下降。在井下喷雾降尘中,当耗水量不受限制时,为同时确保全尘和呼吸性粉尘降尘效率,宜选择直径为1.5 mm的喷嘴;当耗水量受限制时,宜选择直径为1.2 mm的喷嘴。     

Sustainable regeneration: a guiding vision towards low-carbon transition?

While the concept of sustainable development brings together concepts of economic, environmental and social sustainability, much has been said regarding inherent tensions between them. Conflicts between economic and environmental objectives, in particular, have been noted as restraining efforts to instigate transitions to environmental sustainability, with growth ambitions limiting environmental policy to “win–win” cases. This paper argues that they can also play complementary roles in managing transitions by creating inclusive visions for rallying actors and resources. This is explored by looking at a case of sustainable regeneration in Wales, UK. Using as a case study the Arbed scheme, an area-based project established in 2009 to retrofit housing stock for energy efficiency, this paper shows how the scheme explicitly addresses economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability; and, in particular, how sustainable development aims constituted a guiding vision that supported the formation of actor and resource networks necessary for large-scale retrofitting.     

Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20 years (1990–2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin,China

The nitrogen balance can serve as an indicator of the risk to the environment of nitrogen loss from agricultural land. To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural nitrogen application and its potential threat to the environment of the Haihe Basin in China, we used a database of county-level agricultural statistics to calculate agricultural nitrogen input, output, surplus intensity, and use efficiency. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen input increased by 51.7% from 1990 to 2000 and by 37.2% from 2000 to 2010, concomitant with increasing crop yields. Simultaneously, the nitrogen surplus intensity increased by 53.5% from 1990 to 2000 and by 16.5% from 2000 to 2010, presenting a continuously increased environmental risk. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 0.46 in 1990 to 0.42 in 2000 and remained constant at 0.42 in 2010, partly due to fertilizer composition and type improvement. This level indicates that more than half of nitrogen inputs are lost in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that although the improvement in fertilizer composition and types has partially offset the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency, the environmental risk has still increased gradually over the past 20 years, along with the increase in crop yields and nitrogen application. It is important to achieve a better nitrogen balance through more effective management to significantly reduce the environmental risk, decrease nitrogen surplus intensity, and increase nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing crop yields.     

Effect of six kinds of scale inhibitors on calcium carbonate precipitation in high salinity wastewater at high temperatures

Precipitation of calcium carbonate(Ca CO3) scale on heat transfer surfaces is a serious and expensive problem widely occurring in numerous industrial processes. In this study, we compared the scale inhibition effect of six kinds of commercial scale inhibitors and screened out the best one(scale inhibitor SQ-1211) to investigate its scale inhibition performance in highly saline conditions at high temperature through static scale inhibition tests. The influences of scale inhibitor dosage, temperature, heating time and p H on the inhibition efficiency of the optimal scale inhibitor were investigated. The morphologies and crystal structures of the precipitates were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction analysis. Results showed that the scale inhibition efficiency of the optimal scale inhibitor decreased with the increase of the reaction temperature. When the concentration of Ca2+was 1600 mg/L, the scale inhibition rate could reach 90.7% at 80°C at p H 8. The optimal scale inhibitor could effectively retard scaling at high temperature. In the presence of the optimal scale inhibitor, the main crystal structure of Ca CO3 changed from calcite to aragonite.     

基于能值分析的武穴市耕地利用效益时空特征分析

开展耕地利用效益评价,对实现农业生态文明和耕地高效持续利用具有指导意义。结合能值分析、自相关等方法,评价和分析了2002~2011年武穴市耕地利用效益的时空演变特征。结果表明:近10a来武穴市耕地利用效益的能值投入和产出处于上升趋势,增长速度分别达58.17%和61.29%;能值投入中工业能值所占比重最大,超过总量的70%以上,2011年达到82.17%;耕地集约度增加6.60×1015sej的同时环境压力也在变大,耕地环境负载率由2002年的2.88上升至2011年的4.61;农业生产能力和农民生活水平不断提高;空间自相关结果显示武穴市各乡镇单位面积耕地能值投入和产出具有较明显的东高—南低—西平的聚集特征。研究结果对优化武穴市农业生产物化投入结构、提高产出效果,实现耕地高效持续利用具有一定的指导意义。