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21.
草坪作为城市绿地的重要组成部分,其温室气体的吸收或排放不容忽视.然而当前对亚热带城市草坪温室气体通量的研究相对匮乏.采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对杭州市城区典型城市草坪的多种温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O和CO)地气交换通量进行了连续观测研究.结果表明,城市草坪的温室气体月平均通量变化明显,而其日变化特征并不明显.城市草地和土壤(无植被生长的裸土)是大气N2O的源,平均通量分别为(0.66±0.17)μg·(m2·min)-1和(0.58±0.20)μg·(m2·min)-1;是CH4和CO的汇,其中CH4平均通量分别为(-0.21±0.078)μg·(m2·min)-1和(-0.26±0.10)μg·(m2·min)-1,CO分别为(-6.36±1.28)μg·(m2·min)-1和(-6.55±1.69)μg·(m2·min)-1.城市草地和土壤CO2平均通量分别为(5.28±0.75) mg·(m2·min)-1和(4.83±0.91) mg·(m2·min)-1.基于相关性分析研究发现,草地和土壤的CO2和N2O通量均与降水量呈显著的负相关,而CH4和CO通量与降水量呈显著的正相关;除草地CH4通量与土壤温度无显著相关、草地N2O通量与土壤温度呈显著负相关外,其余各温室气体通量与土壤温度均呈显著正相关.另外,城市草坪的草地和土壤CO2(R2为0.371和0.314)和N2O (R2为0.371和0.284)通量季节变化受降水量的影响要大于其它温室气体,而土壤温度对CO通量的影响(R2为0.290和0.234)要显著于其它温室气体. 相似文献
22.
ThebufferingeffectsofaquaticsedimentsagainstacidicdepositionLiaoBohan;TangHongxiao(ResearehCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences... 相似文献
23.
本文分析了重庆市大气污染(SO_2、NO_x、TSP)的特征,报导重污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量明显低于相对污染区(P<0.00001),污染区儿童体内免疫功能下降;发现暴露于两种或两种以上因素(酸沉降物、被动吸烟、燃煤)时,对儿童唾液溶菌酶含量的影响远大于它们单一因素的作用(P<0.00001),经逐步回归分析,得Y=401.6869-68.1306X_5-42.3868X_1-20.8466X_4(r=0.7681,F值=185.08,P<0.00001);并针对重庆市大气污染的具体情况,提出一些有意义的建议措施。 相似文献
24.
Hao Jiming Li Guang Zhang Yang Xu Kangfn Ban Ling Wen Weimin Yang Jinlan Liu Ning 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1990,2(3):35-49
A deterministic linear programming model which optimizes the abatement of each SO2 emission source, is extended into a CCP form by introducing equations of probabilistic constrained through the incorporation of uncertainty in the source-receptor-specific transfer coefficients. Based on the calculation of SO2 and sulfate average residence time for Liuzhou City, a sulfur deposition model has been developed and the distribution of transfer coefficients have been found to be approximately log-normal. Sulfur removal minimization of the model shows that the abatement of emission sources in the city is more effective, while control cost optimization provides the lowest cost programmes for source abatement at each allowable deposition limit under varied environmental risk levels. Finally a practicable programme is recommended. 相似文献
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基于2003-01~2005-06利用静态箱法对太湖水-气界面CO2交换通量的观测,对太湖水-气界面交换通量的变化特征进行了分析研究.结果表明:太湖水-气界面CO2交换通量存在明显的日变化,春、夏、秋、冬4季日平均通量分别为-0.79mg/(m2·h)、-4.89 mg/(m2·h)、-4.06 mg/(m2·h)和-2.56 mg/(m2·h),太湖均是CO2的汇.一般污染越重的区域,CO2通量值越大.藻型湖区水-气界面CO2交换通量季节变化不明显,草型湖区水-气界面CO2交换通量季节变化很明显,夏秋季高,冬春季低.CO2通量变化的可能相关因子还有天气情况、太阳辐射、风速及水温、pH、TA、Chla、TC、TN和TP等. 相似文献
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Occurence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ankara Precipitation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Urban atmospheric environment contains many trace organic pollutants that are related to the incomplete fuel combustion in domestic heating, industrial plants and automobile traffic. Removal of these pollutants from the atmosphere takes place through wet and dry deposition as well as chemical transformations. In this study, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wet deposition samples were determined at an urban site of Turkey. Wet and dry deposition samples were collected using Andersen Rain Sampler. The sampler was modified accordingly for the collection of organic pollutants. Collected samples were preconcentrated by using solid phase extraction (SPE) disks and consecutively analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the 13 compounds quantified in this study, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were found more frequently and at elevated concentrations (202, 271 and 260 ng L-1 mean concentrations, respectively).Concentrations of PAHs were found to be high in winter period. 相似文献
30.
Marty D. Matlock Kevin Ray Kasprzak G. Scott Osborn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(2):267-275
ABSTRACT: The lower reaches of the Arroyo Colorado have historically failed to meet their use under subsection 303(b) of the U.S. Clean Water Act due to fecal coliform bacteria and low dissolved oxygen (DO). Fish kills, especially at the tidal confluence at the Port of Harlingen, Texas, have been reported. Oxygen demand from sediment (SOD) for a river typically has two states‐diffusion limited SOD (SOD) and potential SOD (pSOD), expressed when sediment is resuspended through increased flow or other disturbances. The objective of this research was to measure SOD in the Arroyo Colorado River in situ, estimate pSOD ex situ, and evaluate the relationship between SOD and the depositional environment. We measured SOD and pSOD in the Arroyo Colorado River at up to eight sites over three sampling events. We identified the sample sites based on a modified Rosgen geomorphic index for streambed stabilization. Sites with high sediment deposition potential had high SOD. The average values of SOD between sites were 0.62 g/m2/day (standard deviation 0.38 g/m2/day) and ranged from 0.13 to 1.2 g/m2/day. Potential SOD values ranged from as low as 19.2 to as high as 2,779 g/m3 sediment/ day. Potential SOD can serve as an indicator of the possible impact of SOD from resuspended sediment in stream systems. 相似文献