深井采矿热贡献率计算方法研究与实践

为了减小深井热害对井下工作人员及有序生产的危害,需要明确深井各热源放热量对深井的热害影响程度。借鉴经济学理论,提出深井采矿的热贡献率概念。结合文献调查与工程实践数据,通过入风流温湿度的季节性变化,确定不同温湿度入风流所引起深井空气自压缩传热、围岩传热、矿石冷却放热、矿石氧化放热、充填体放热、机电设备放热、人员放热热源贡献率的变化,以及入风井、平巷、工作面中的区段热贡献率及区段热贡献密度的变化。得出了不同季节的热源放热曲线以及热源贡献率、区段热贡献率、区段热贡献密度排序以指导热害治理。     

烟花燃放对珠三角地区春节期间空气质量的影响

为研究烟花爆竹燃放对珠三角区域城市空气质量的影响,对2015年春节期间珠三角地区环境空气质量自动监测站的数据进行了分析.结果表明,春节期间珠三角地区PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_2和CO_污染最严重的城市均为肇庆市,臭氧污染最严重的为惠州,广州市NO_2污染最严重;与去年同期相比,各地SO_2、NO_2、CO_、PM10和PM_(2.5)的浓度普遍有大幅的降低,但春节期间臭氧浓度有所增加;春节期间烟花燃放行为主要集中在郊区,市区内燃放现象较少;烟花燃放对SO_2、PM10和PM_(2.5)浓度的短期影响极大,造成除夕夜间污染物浓度迅速升高,甚至成倍增加,对CO_、O_3和NO_2没有明显的影响;烟花燃放造成PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)比例迅速下降,在颗粒物浓度达到峰值后,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)的比例也到达最小值;烟花燃放对各地PM_(2.5)的小时浓度最大贡献值在16~65μg·m~(-3)之间,对各地PM_(10)的小时浓度最大贡献值在28~138μg·m~(-3)之间,对各地SO_2的小时浓度最大贡献值在9~43μg·m~(-3)之间.     

UV-LED/NaClO工艺对水中对乙酰氨基酚的降解

采用NaClO、UV-LED和UV-LED/NaClO工艺去除水中的对乙酰氨基酚（AAP）,考察了NaClO投加量、pH值和腐殖酸（HA）等因素对UV-LED/NaClO工艺去除AAP的影响,研究了UV-LED/NaClO去除AAP过程中OH·、UV-LED、NaClO和氯自由基RCS（Cl·,Cl₂^·-,ClO·）的贡献值,评估了AAP降解过程中溶液急性毒性的变化.结果表明,UV-LED/NaClO可以有效降解.AAP.反应90min后,UV-LED、NaClO和UV-LED/NaClO工艺对AAP的去除率分别为4.42%、93.61%和100%.AAP的降解符合拟一级反应动力学模型（R²=0.9967）.AAP的去除随着NaClO投加量的增大而增加,中性条件有利于AAP的降解,HA对AAP去除具有抑制作用,HCO₃^-和NO₃^-可略微促进AAP的去除.当NaClO投加量为1mg/L,OH·、UV-LED、NaClO和RCS各组分对AAP去除的相对贡献率分别为0.82%、0.66%、33.78%和64.74%,UV-LED/NaClO工艺可以有效的降低溶液的急性毒性.     

杭州市大气NOx来源及控制对策研究

采用定常高斯模式和Thlong程序建立NOx污染源强与大气NOx浓度间定量响应数值模型，计算了点源，面源和流动源等各类的污染源对杭州市区各关心点NOx的平均贡献率，分别约为17％，17％和66％，其中市区机动车尾气贡献率高达50％左右，是首先要控制的污染源。同时提出NOx排放削减方案及实施后大气NOx质量改善状况，为环保管理部门削减NO x污染源提出供决策参考。     

重庆市污染源结构对大气SO_2浓度贡献的数值分析

运用三维欧拉传输、转换、迁移模式对重庆城区各种大气污染源对大气ＳＯ２浓度的贡献数值进行模拟，分析重庆城区ＳＯ２污染形成的原因。结果表明，民用源和低矮工业源对地面ＳＯ２污染浓度贡献最大，而中高架源则主要影响高层大气，是高空大气污染及酸雨形成的重要原因。     

Contribution of motor vehicle emissions to organic carbon and fine particle mass in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Effects of varying source profiles and seasonal trends in ambient marker concentrations

We present estimates of the vehicular contribution to ambient organic carbon (OC) and fine particle mass (PM) in Pittsburgh, PA using the chemical mass balance (CMB) model and a large dataset of ambient molecular marker concentrations. Source profiles for CMB analysis are selected using a method of comparing the ambient ratios of marker species with published profiles for gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions. The ambient wintertime data cluster on a hopanes/EC ratio–ratio plot, and therefore can be explained by a large number of different source profile combinations. In contrast, the widely varying summer ambient ratios can be explained by a more limited number of source profile combinations. We present results for a number of different CMB scenarios, all of which perform well on the different statistical tests used to establish the quality of a CMB solution. The results illustrate how CMB estimates depend critically on the marker-to-OC and marker-to-PM ratios of the source profiles. The vehicular contribution in the winter is bounded between 13% and 20% of the ambient OC (274±56–416±72 ng-C m⁻³). However, variability in the diesel profiles creates uncertainty in the gasoline–diesel split. On an OC basis, one set of scenarios suggests gasoline dominance, while a second set indicates a more even split. On a PM basis, all solutions indicate a diesel-dominated split. The summer CMB solutions do not present a consistent picture given the seasonal shift and wide variation in the ambient hopanes-to-EC ratios relative to the source profiles. If one set of source profiles is applied to the entire dataset, gasoline vehicles dominate vehicular OC in the winter but diesel dominates in the summer. The seasonal pattern in the ambient hopanes-to-EC ratios may be caused by photochemical decay of hopanes in the summer or by seasonal changes in vehicle emission profiles.     

Dynamics of Restoration Processes in the Idle Solonetz Ecosystems in the Southern Transural Region

The initial period of idleness in the solonetz ecosystems of the southern Transural Region is characterized by a significant variability of their soil–plant communities, which is determined by natural periodicity and general direction of the process of ecosystem restoration. Selective consumption of salinizing ions by the plants growing on idle land activates the development of desalinization processes.     

臭氧污染动态源贡献分析方法及应用初探

论文创新提出了基于RSM/CMAQ臭氧污染动态源贡献分析方法,并以佛山市顺德区2014年10月为例,分析了不同区域的人为可控源NO_x和VOCs减排情景下(10%、70%和100%)对本地O_3浓度变化的量化贡献.研究结果表明顺德区O_3的人为可控比例约43%,且受区域排放影响非常明显,主导上风向广州排放源总贡献(14%)超过顺德本地贡献(7%).VOCs的减排可有效削减顺德区O_3浓度,当减排力度较小时(12%),若仅控制区域NO_x排放将导致顺德区O_3浓度上升,随着减排力度的加大,区域NO_x的削减贡献会反超VOCs.RSM/CMAQ动态源贡献分析方法可为空气质量管理提供科学决策依据.     

基于Shapley值的农村非政府应急组织激励模型构建

农村非政府应急组织是以共同应对农村突发事件为纽带自愿结成的互助性合作联盟,成员间的利益分配关系是组织生存与发展的重要基础。而Shapley值法正是解决多人合作利益分配问题的一种简便易行的数学方法。基于Shapley值法构建农村非政府应急组织利益分配激励模型能较好地促进其成员间的信任、合作与共享信息,使其收益透明化,有助于全面提升应急服务效益和充分发挥应急服务功能。首先,介绍了基于Shapley值法构建农村非政府应急组织激励模型的研究现状,然后初步探索了构建步骤及其实施建议,以进一步促进农村非政府应急组织的稳定运行与健康发展。