国家重点研发计划“水资源高效开发利用”重点专项系统化管理研究

根据《国家重点研发计划管理暂行办法》,国家重点研发计划重点专项和项目要聚焦国家重大战略、以目标为导向,从基础前沿、重大共性关键技术到应用示范进行全链条创新设计、一体化组织实施。为有效完成科技计划管理改革对专业机构项目过程管理提出的新要求,本文简要阐述专业机构对"水资源高效开发利用"重点专项管理的设想,为其他以技术研发与应用示范为主要产出形式的科研项目提供借鉴。     

纳米碳化钨对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响

为评价纳米碳化钨的水生态毒理效应,以模式生物斑马鱼胚胎为研究对象,观察了纳米碳化钨对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响.结果表明,<2g/L的纳米碳化钨悬液对斑马鱼胚胎的正常发育和成活没有任何影响.在3g/L的极高浓度下,纳米碳化钨处理24~96h导致31%的幼鱼出现各种发育畸形,33%的幼鱼死亡,但仍有36%的幼鱼发育和活动均正常.通过与受精后5h及30h开始纳米碳化钨暴露的实验组相比,发现受精后24h是斑马鱼胚胎对纳米碳化钨处理最敏感的时期.胚胎卵膜的人工提前去除可以削弱纳米碳化钨对斑马鱼胚胎发育的不良影响.     

Toward a new understanding of the links between poverty and illegal wildlife hunting

Conservation organizations have increasingly raised concerns about escalating rates of illegal hunting and trade in wildlife. Previous studies have concluded that people hunt illegally because they are financially poor or lack alternative livelihood strategies. However, there has been little attempt to develop a richer understanding of the motivations behind contemporary illegal wildlife hunting. As a first step, we reviewed the academic and policy literatures on poaching and illegal wildlife use and considered the meanings of poverty and the relative importance of structure and individual agency. We placed motivations for illegal wildlife hunting within the context of the complex history of how wildlife laws were initially designed and enforced to indicate how hunting practices by specific communities were criminalized. We also considered the nature of poverty and the reasons for economic deprivation in particular communities to indicate how particular understandings of poverty as material deprivation ultimately shape approaches to illegal wildlife hunting. We found there is a need for a much better understanding of what poverty is and what motivates people to hunt illegally.     

城市绿色建筑与可持续发展探析

结合我国国情,对绿色建筑的基本概念和要达到的目标进行了分析。综合可持续发展评价体系以及我国目前在绿色建筑方面的发展进程,提出全面推进绿色建筑,完善建筑业可持续发展体系的措施建议。     

辽宁省经济发展与环境关系的实证研究

维持经济的持续稳定增长是我国的重要政策目标,然而面对日趋严峻的资源、环境制约,大力推进生态文明建设已刻不容缓。相应地,在理论方面,研究经济增长与环境污染的双向作用机制也非常必要。利用VAR模型,研究了辽宁省经济发展与环境之间的关系,发现两者之间的关系并不是EKC理论中所说的倒u型曲线,而是呈现w型、N型等更加复杂的曲线形状。实验结果也表明辽宁省环境与经济存在双向作用机制,其中,废气与废水对辽宁省经济增长影响最大。     

发展低碳经济建设生态环保城市

生态环保城市的建设,必须走低碳经济之路。要大力发展生态环保产业,调整高碳产业结构,提高城市生态环保的意识。     

Applying Integrated Urban Water Management Concepts: A Review of Australian Experience

This article explores recent Australian experiences in the application of the concept of integrated urban water management (IUWM) to land development sites through the review of 15 case studies. It discusses lUWM’s emergence and comments on the success or otherwise of Australian experience in its application. The understanding of IUWM is maturing within the Australian water industry, an occurrence that has been facilitated by demonstration sites such as those reviewed. Successes include the translation of IUWM concepts into well-functioning operational urban developments, significant reductions in the impact of the urban developments on the total water cycle, and the increasing acceptance of the concept within the water and land development industries. However, there is still room for greater integration of the water supply, stormwater, and wastewater components of the urban water cycle, improved dissemination of knowledge, enhancement of skills in both public and private organisations, and monitoring the performance of systems and technologies.     

A comparative analysis of predictors of sense of place dimensions: attachment to, dependence on, and identification with lakeshore properties

Sense of place can be conceived as a multidimensional construct representing beliefs, emotions and behavioural commitments concerning a particular geographic setting. This view, grounded in attitude theory, can better reveal complex relationships between the experience of a place and attributes of that place than approaches that do not differentiate cognitive, affective and conative domains. Shoreline property owners (N=290) in northern Wisconsin were surveyed about their sense of place for their lakeshore properties. A predictive model comprising owners' age, length of ownership, participation in recreational activities, days spent on the property, extent of property development, and perceptions of environmental features, was employed to explain the variation in dimensions of sense of place. In general, the results supported a multidimensional approach to sense of place in a context where there were moderate to high correlations among the three place dimensions. Perceptions of environmental features were the biggest predictors of place dimensions, with owners' perceptions of lake importance varying in explanatory power across place dimensions.     

我国矿业城市的产业结构调整及其发展途径

由于受资源递减规律影响,矿业城市的发展必将受到其不合理产业结构的限制。产业结构调整是矿业城市得以持续发展的必由之路,基于其资源与区位优势发展替代性产业是矿业城市产业结构调整的最佳选择。本文探讨了矿业城市产业结构调整的一些原则,提出了一些对策和建议。     

综合资源立法是资源可持续利用的法律保证

资源的有效保护和永续利用在我国可持续发展战略中占有十分重要的地位。本文分析了我国资源法制建设中存在的问题，阐述了综合资源立法在资源法制建设体系中的意义。