Intrapopulation Differentiation by the Rates of Rosette Growth and Individual Plant Development in Narrow-Leaved Hawk’s Beard (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crepis tectorum</Emphasis> L.): Aftereffects of Long-Term Stress

Aftereffects of exposure to long-term chemical pollution with fluorine and sulfur compounds on intrapopulation differentiation of the rates of growth and development has been studied on Crepis tectorum L. progenies obtained from seeds collected in a pollution gradient and grown in a greenhouse under uniform ecological conditions. The results have shown that long-term stress (exposure to toxic gaseous pollutants) leads to significant changes in the intrapopulation structure, which are manifested in an increase in the proportion of plants with a low rate of development, a low relative rate of the linear growth of metameres (leaves), but a higher relative rate of their formation.__________Translated from Ekologiya, No. 4, 2005, pp. 243–251.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Trubina.     

Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in US children aged 1–9 years

This study investigated the association between vaccination with the Hepatitis B triple series vaccine prior to 2000 and developmental disability in children aged 1–9 years (n = 1824), proxied by parental report that their child receives early intervention or special education services (EIS). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000 data were analyzed and adjusted for survey design by Taylor Linearization using SAS version 9.1 software, with SAS callable SUDAAN version 9.0.1. The odds of receiving EIS were approximately nine times as great for vaccinated boys (n = 46) as for unvaccinated boys (n = 7), after adjustment for confounders. This study found statistically significant evidence to suggest that boys in United States who were vaccinated with the triple series Hepatitis B vaccine, during the time period in which vaccines were manufactured with thimerosal, were more susceptible to developmental disability than were unvaccinated boys.     

Ameliorated effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on biomarkers of subchronic acrylamide hepatotoxicity and brain toxicity in rats

Acrylamide (ACR) exerts its toxicity through stimulation of the oxidative stress; yet, its effect on neurotransmitter catabolic enzymes has not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of ACR exposure on brain and hepatic tissues antioxidant enzymes activities and different markers such as, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nitric oxide (NO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and lipid profile, and to evaluate the protective effects of garlic against ACR toxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ACR (1 mg kg^?1 body weight) with or without diet containing 1.5% of garlic powder for 40 days. ACR administration showed a decrease in AChE activity associated with an increase in MAO activity in both brain and hepatic tissues. In addition, ACR administration increased the lipid peroxidation and NO levels of both tissues while decreased the activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). On the other hand, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities increased as a consequence of GSH depletion after ACR exposure. Finally, ACR exposure increased the brain and liver lipid profile of cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipid, while phospholipids level was decreased. Coadministration of garlic powder with ACR significantly attenuated oxidative stress, MAO activity, and inflammation in brain and hepatic tissues but did not ameliorate AChE activity. In conclusion, our results emphasized the role of garlic as a potential adjuvant therapy to prevent ACR neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.     

全氟烷基磺酸盐(PFOS)及其替代品对两栖类胚胎的发育毒性

用非洲爪蟾胚胎致畸实验和黑斑蛙胚胎发育毒性实验,比较研究了PFOS及其4种替代品对两栖动物胚胎的发育毒性。结果发现,用调聚法合成的织物三防整理剂和50%的全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂同PFOS一样对非洲爪蟾胚胎有明显毒性,且织物三防整理剂和表面活性剂的毒性强于PFOS;电解氟化法合成的C4织物及C6织物三防整理剂(以下简称C4及C6织物三防整理剂)对非洲爪蟾胚胎没有明显毒性。与非洲爪蟾不同,PFOS和4种替代品对黑斑蛙胚胎没有明显毒性。结果显示,从生物安全性的角度分析,C4和C6织物三防整理剂可作为PFOS的替代品使用,而织物三防整理剂和表面活性剂的毒性比PFOS大,作为PFOS替代品使用需要慎重考虑。     

全氟烷基磺酸盐(PFOS)、全氟己烷磺酸盐(PFHS)和全氟丁烷磺酸盐(PFBS)对非洲爪蟾胚胎的发育毒性

全氟烷基磺酸盐(PFASs)在工业生产和生活中广泛应用,某些PFASs已成为环境中普遍的污染物。鉴于对动物和人类的潜在毒性,全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)已被禁用,由一些半衰期相对较短的短链PFASs(如全氟丁烷磺酸盐,PFBS)替代。虽然四碳的PFBS和六碳的全氟己烷磺酸盐(PFHS)已经广泛使用,但目前对其毒性及其机制的了解很少。通过检测发育毒性和致畸性的非洲爪蟾胚胎致畸试验(FETAX),得到PFOS、PFHS和PFBS半致死浓度(LC50),半致畸浓度(EC50)和最小抑制生长浓度(MCIG),比较研究了3种化合物的发育毒性。结果发现,PFOS的LC50、EC50和MCIG分别为51.46、108.20和35mg·L-1。PFHS和PFBS的LC50大于100mg·L-1,对胚胎形态和生长没有明显影响。PFASs暴露引起非洲爪蟾胚胎运动行为异常。FETAX结果表明,PFOS急性发育毒性明显大于PFHS和PFBS。     

非洲爪蟾胚胎用于发育神经毒性测试的方法

在美国材料与测试协会(ASTM)的非洲爪蟾胚胎致畸试验(FETAX)的基础上,以已知具有发育神经毒性的氯化甲基汞为模式化合物,探索一种以体征、运动神经元形态和运动行为参数为终点指标的研究发育神经毒性的方法.非洲爪蟾胚胎暴露氯化甲基汞3 d时,观察到暴露组胚胎的运动能力随暴露浓度(100—400 nmol·L-1)的增加而减弱.暴露4 d发现300 nmol·L-1和400 nmol·L-1暴露组胚胎体长和运动神经元明显短于对照组.暴露持续7 d,通过行为分析软件对蝌蚪运动行为定量,发现暴露处理的蝌蚪的游泳速率明显小于对照组.以上结果显示,非洲爪蟾胚胎可用来研究化学品的发育神经毒性,胚胎的体征、运动神经元形态和运动行为可以作为相对敏感的评价指标.     

甲状腺激素脱碘酶在孕哺期BDE 209暴露致子代小鼠神经发育毒性中的潜在作用

研究孕哺期BDE 209暴露对母鼠胎盘和子代脑组织甲状腺激素脱碘酶(deiodinase, DI)基因表达的影响,及其在子鼠神经发育毒性效应中的作用。将75只雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,暴露BDE 209 10 d后,与雄鼠合笼,每组选取怀孕时间相近(相差不过2 d)的8只母鼠孕期持续染毒至子鼠断乳。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测孕17～18 d胎盘、出生后60 d子鼠脑组织三种类型脱碘酶基因相对表达;利用Morris水迷宫评价出生后60 d子鼠学习记忆能力;测量第2、16、30和60 d子鼠体重,观察孕哺期BDE 209暴露对子代生长发育的作用。结果显示,BDE 209对子鼠出生时体重未见明显影响;出生后30 d,高剂量BDE 209暴露组雌性子鼠体重显著低于对照组子鼠体重(p<0.05),而低、高剂量暴露组雄性子鼠体重均显著低于对照组子鼠体重(p<0.05,p<0.01);出生后60 d,BDE 209对体重影响不明显。BDE 209暴露能够显著延长出生后60 d雌、雄性子鼠逃避潜伏期(p<0.05或p<0.01)。BDE 209暴露显著降低母鼠胎盘中三种类型脱碘酶(主要是DI-3)基因表达(p<0.05或p<0.01);同时,BDE 209暴露可诱导出生60 d后雄性子鼠脑组织中DI-1基因表达(p<0.05或p<0.01),抑制雄性子鼠脑组织中DI-3基因表达(p<0.05);BDE209暴露对出生后60 d雌鼠脑组织脱碘酶未见明显影响(p>0.05)。研究结果表明,孕哺期BDE 209暴露可能通过影响母鼠胎盘组织脱碘酶(特别是DI-3)基因表达,导致子鼠神经发育毒性效应-学习记忆能力障碍。     

咸宁市房地产业发展取向

近10年来，咸宁市房地产业的发展以个人开发为主，城镇规模的增长明显滞后于人口的增长，出现了一系列影响房地产经济持续发展的问题。在统计分析的基础上，用线性预测法计算了本市在未来10年内房地产发展的合理速度与规模。研究结果表明：在GDP保持9％增长率的情况下，2001-2010年咸宁市每年需净增居住用房地产300万m^2，房地产业的合理增长率为12．9％。稳定和规范住宅业的发展，加强城市基础设施和社会公共服务设施建设是今后本市房地产业发展的主要取向。     

主题公园生命周期的演化

旅游地生命周期理论向我们描绘了旅游地在发展过程中有规律性的阶段变化,但对于任何一个旅游地来说,其发展演化都有着自己独特的特点.根据旅游地生命周期理论,并结合国际、国内主题公园的实际发展情况,对其演化情况作了具体分析研究,认为主题公园的发展存在双周期模型,并就该模型的各发展阶段提出了一定的发展策略.     

赵官园林镇建设评价指标体系研究

通过分析国内外小城镇发展模式和经验,结合齐河县赵官镇社会经济发展和生态质量现状,确定了适合研究区客观实际的园林镇发展模式,同时建立了园林镇建设评价指标体系,并应用综合指数法对赵官园林镇建设程度进行评价分析。赵官园林镇建设综合评价指数为0.980,表明研究区园林镇建设程度处于较高等级,且研究区园林镇建设条件基本成熟。通过专家咨询法和层次分析法计算所得权重值反映了景观绿化建设、生态环境建设、经济建设和市政建设对于园林镇建设的影响程度。针对研究区自然资源现状,建议全面系统规划建设景色秀美的生态环境体系和支撑可持续发展的污染防治体系;同时,积极研究生态经济生产模式,实现经济活动生态化,从而保障园林镇建设过程中资源开发与环境保护并重,促进经济、社会和环境的持续协调发展。