湖北海棠实生树童区与成年区形态学和细胞学比较研究

通过将湖北海棠（Ｍａｌｕｓｈｕｐｅｈｅｎｓｉｓ）实生树不同发育区接穗嫁接到一年生本砧上,建立一个遗传背景一致、所处发育阶段不同的童期研究实验系统,并采用显微图像形态定量分析系统对湖北海棠实生树童区和成年区及其嫁接植株形态学和细胞学进行比较研究．结果表明,实生树从童区向成年区转变后,其叶片细胞核ＤＮＡ相对含量增加,细胞ＲＮＡ合成增强,细胞核增大,但细胞变小,叶片叶肉组织分化程度提高,叶面积增大,叶片增厚;取实生树童区和成年区枝条嫁接到一年生本砧上,成年区嫁接苗当年就具有开花能力,而童区嫁接苗仍保持童年特征,不具备开花能力,ＰＰ３３３不能诱导童区嫁接苗开花,童区嫁接苗分枝能力较强,叶形与实生树童区和同龄实生苗相似．成年区嫁接植株叶片细胞ＲＮＡ含量依然显著高于童区嫁接植株,尽管叶片细胞核ＤＮＡ含量和细胞核大小仍有增加趋势,但增加幅度显著减少,两者叶片叶肉组织均表现为阳性结构．对实生树童区向成年区转变过程中ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ含量变化及其作用进行了讨论     

Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to embryo and larvae of banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata

This study elucidated the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos on the early life stages of banded gourami (Trichogaster fasciata). To determine the acute effects of chlorpyrifos on their survival and development, we exposedthe embryos and two-day-old larvae to six concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100 µg L^?1) of chlorpyrifos in plastic bowls. Log-logistic regression was used to calculate LC10 and LC50 values. Results showed that embryo mortality significantly increased with increasing chlorpyrifos concentrations. The 24-h LC10 and LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of chlorpyrifos for embryos were 0.89 (0.50–1.58) and 11.8 (9.12–15.4) µg L^?1, respectively. Hatching success decreased and mortality of larvae significantly increased with increasing concentrations of chlorpyrifos. The 24-h LC10 and LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of chlorpyrifos for larvae were 0.53 (0.27–1.06) and 21.7 (15.9–29.4) µg L^?1, respectively; the 48-h LC10 and LC50 for larvae were 0.04 (0.02–0.09) and 5.47 (3.77–7.94) µg L^?1, respectively. The results of this study suggest that 1 µg L^?1 of chlorpyrifos in the aquatic environment may adversely affect the development and the reproduction of banded gourami. Our study also suggests that banded gourami fish can serve as an ideal model species for evaluating developmental toxicity of environmental contaminants.     

我国环境技术产业化的现状与发展对策

本文通过对环境技术产业化特点的分析,结合当前我国环境技术产业化的现状指出了目前我国环境技术产业化过程中存在的主要问题及原因,并针对这些问题探讨了相应的发展对策。     

中山市城市生态建设特色及其发展策略

论述了全国园林绿化先进城市中山市生态建设的特色,探讨该城市生态建设进一步发展的策略,为城市化调整发展的地区的生态建设提供参考依据。     

陕北能源开发区城镇生态环境建设战略

根据国内外城市发展趋势和我国城镇生态建设的基本要求,对陕北原源开发区城镇生态环境建设提出了战略性看法和建议。     

后重建时代汶川大地震极重灾区发展重建策略探析

＂汶川大地震＂震后灾区恢复重建工作已经全面完成,公共基础设施建设得到极大发展,为灾区经济腾飞奠定了坚实的基础。＂十二五＂期间,灾区进入了发展重建阶段,灾区经济面临着从恢复向发展的转变、从投资拉动向市场机制回归的转变。但是,灾区物质建设的高起点对当地经济发展提出了更高的要求,要克服未来经济发展面临的种种困难,必须理顺工作思路,按照减少贫困,提高经济水平,增强自我发展能力的长期目标,积极进行产业结构调整和优化,大力发展现代山区农业和旅游产业,形成以农业发展为基础,旅游产业为核心,带动实现工业结构多元化,将灾区建成社会、资源、环境与产业经济协调发展的循环经济示范区。     

红树林和酸性潮滩土

红树林和酸性潮滩土是我国热带和亚热带沿海地区常见的一种生态系统。我国现有红树林面积35万亩,种类组成有21科38种,一般自南向北逐渐减少。红树林死亡后所遗留的根系和枝叶经分解可导致土壤酸化。酸性潮滩土主要性质:1.质地粘重以中壤土至轻粘土为主;2.土壤含盐量在0.3—4.2％之间,SO₄^2-含量0.6—18.4meq/100g±;3.有机质含量0.4—11.8％,C/N比较宽（11.3—44.5）,磷素养分较低,阳离子代换量9.1—17.6meq,100g±;4.pH变幅大,自3.0至6.9。酸性潮滩土主要开发模式是种水稻,其次是海水养殖。利用上的障碍性因素较突出,建议加强红树林管理:1.划定采伐区;2.建立保护区;3.开展红树林生态系统观察研究。     

利用基因芯片探讨五氯酚发育毒性的作用机制

0hpf斑马鱼胚胎经50μg/L五氯酚(PCP)暴露染毒8 h,提取其总RNA,与Affymetrix公司的斑马鱼基因组芯片杂交.发现与对照组相比,染毒样本中1 149个基因的表达显著增强(Signal log ratio1),501个基因的表达显著减弱(Signal log ratio-1).利用Chipinfo、Genmapp等生物信息学软件对差异表达基因进行了基因本体论功能分类和发育调控通路分析,结果显示,显著差异表达的基因涉及抗氧化、信号传导、翻译调节、转录调节等多个分子功能.五氯酚暴露后斑马鱼胚胎发育重要的调控通路BMP信号、ERK通路、FGF信号、Nodal信号的调控基因smad2、smad5、bmp4、bmp7f、lh、n-ras的表达发生了显著变化,Signal logratio分别为4.6、2.1、1.6、1.0、1.3、1.0.这些结果为进一步阐明五氯酚的发育毒性作用机制提供了标志物.     

环境污染物发育毒性机制研究的系统生物学方法进展

基因调控网络(gene regulatory network,GRN)是用于研究基因调控的一种新兴的系统生物学方法,尤其适合描述生物体早期发育的调控系统和机制。由于它能体现出调控过程的网络特性和动态关系,从整体的角度全面审视环境扰动所造成的真实影响,因此有望在内分泌干扰物等环境污染物的发育毒性机制研究中发挥重要作用,解决多年来一直困扰相关研究的种种难题。针对基因调控网络的结构、研究方法、应用成果和案例进行综述,并对将这一方法应用于污染物发育毒性机制研究的前景做出展望。     

Bisphenol A exposure alters release of immune and developmental modulators and expression of estrogen receptors in human fetal lung fibroblasts

Bisphenol A(BPA) has been shown to exert biological effects through estrogen receptor(ER)-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA may increase the risk of childhood asthma. To investigate the underlying mechanisms in the actions of BPA, human fetal lung fibroblasts(h FLFs) were exposed to varying doses of BPA in culture for 24 hr. Effects of BPA on localization and uptake of BPA,cell viability, release of immune and developmental modulators, cellular localization and expression of ERα, ERβ and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 30(GPR30), and effects of ERs antagonists on BPA-induced changes in endothelin-1(ET-1) release were examined.BPA at 0.01–100 μmol/L caused no changes in cell viability after 24 hr of exposure. h FLFs expresses all three ERs. BPA had no effects on either cellular distribution or protein expression of ERα, however, at 100 μmol/L(or 23 μmol/L intracellular BPA) increased ERβprotein levels in the cytoplasmic fractions and GPR 30 protein levels in the nuclear fractions.These paralleled with increased release of growth differentiation factor-15, decreased phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 at serine 536, and decreased release of ET-1,interleukin-6, and interferon gamma-induced protein 10. ERs antagonists had no effects on BPA-induced decrease in ET-1 release. These data suggest that BPA at 100 μmol/L altered the release of immune and developmental modulators in h FLFs, which may negatively influence fetal lung development, maturation, and susceptibility to environmental stressors, although the role of BPA in childhood asthma remains to be confirmed in in vivo studies.