Brassinosteroid alleviates phenanthrene and pyrene phytotoxicity by increasing detoxification activity and photosynthesis in tomato

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of exogenously applied 24-epibrassinolide (BR) on growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems of tomato seedlings grown under different levels (0, 10, 30, 100 and 300 μM) of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) in hydroponics. A concentration-dependent decrease in growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ_PSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) has been observed following PHE and PYR exposure. By contrast, non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was increased. PHE was found to induce higher stress than PYR. However, foliar or root application of BR (50 nM and 5 nM, respectively) alleviated all those depressions with a sharp improvement in the activity of photosynthetic machinery. The activities of guaicol peroxidase (GPOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in a dose-dependent manner under PHE or PYR treatments. Compared with control the highest increments of GPOD, CAT, APX, GR and MDA by PHE/PYR alone treatments were observed following 300 μM concentration, which were 67%, 87%, 53%, 95% and 74% by PHE and 42%, 53%, 30%, 86% and 62% by PYR, respectively. In addition, both reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were induced by PHE or PYR. Interestingly, BR application in either form further increased enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants in tomato roots treated with PHE or PYR. Our results suggest that BR has an anti-stress effect on tomato seedlings contaminated with PHE or PYR and this effect is mainly attributed by increased detoxification activity.     

HAZOP分析中LOPA的应用研究

通过分析危险与可操作性研究(HAZOP)方法的不足和保护层分析(LOPA)方法的功能,提出将LOPA融入HAZOP分析中,能进一步提高HAZOP的事故预防能力和丰富HAZOP的分析结果。介绍LOPA基本方法,阐述LOPA融入HAZOP的机理、衔接关系及分析步骤,并通过一个化工工艺流程危险性分析实例说明LOPA的作用及如何将LOPA融入HAZOP分析中。结果表明:在HAZOP分析中融入LOPA方法,能实现对现有保护措施的可靠性进行量化评估,确定其消除或降低风险的能力,从而寻求是否需要附加减少风险的安全保护措施。     

黑碳仪测量气溶胶吸收系数的校正算法和影响因素研究进展

黑碳仪作为常用的吸收系数测量方法之一,广泛应用于气溶胶光吸收特性的实验室和外场观测研究.然而,受测量方法的限制,吸收系数测量的准确性受到颗粒物负载效应,以及滤膜和颗粒物的多重散射效应的影响.本文综述了黑碳仪的测量原理及现有校正算法,探究了其吸收系数测量的影响因素,分析了黑碳气溶胶的混合状态对其吸收系数测量偏差（C_ref’）的影响,探讨了C_ref’与气溶胶单次散射反照率（SSA）的关系以及C_ref’的波长依赖关系,并提出了今后相关研究的建议.     

基于自适应偏最小二乘回归法的CUACE模式污染物预报偏差订正改进方法研究

针对GRAPES-CUACE模式预报的6种常规污染物浓度,采用非线性动力统计-订正方法——自适应偏最小二乘回归法,建立了中国不同地区的CUACE模式预报偏差订正模型,采用多种敏感性试验优选了不同季节各区域的最优自变量组合方案,并对2016年1—3月、11—12月全国342个城市PM_(2.5)浓度预报值进行了滚动订正检验,分析了订正前后PM_(2.5)浓度的时空变化特征,重点分析了该方法在京津冀、长三角、珠三角、川渝地区等关键区域的适用性及其改进效果.结果表明:(1)CUACE模式预报PM_(2.5)浓度普遍低于观测浓度,且与实测值的相关系数较低;CUACE 15 km分辨率模式PM_(2.5)浓度预报效果优于54 km分辨率模式,其中长三角地区改进最显著,珠三角和京津冀次之,川渝地区预报效果较差.(2)订正后的PM_(2.5)浓度更接近于实测值,订正后误差明显减小,相关系数明显提高,而且订正值与实测值的散点集中分布于对角线附近.(3)长三角地区PM_(2.5)浓度订正效果最好,准确率可达72.3%;珠三角地区次之,准确率为66.3%;京津冀和川渝地区订正效果稍差,但准确率亦可达63.6%和62.6%.(4)订正后污染日和非污染日的准确率、相关系数分别提高了57.5%和25.9%、304.8%和15.2%;绝对平均偏差、均方根误差分别减小了38.9%和18.7%、21.8%和8.5%.(5)针对北京、上海、广州、乐山的不同重污染过程,订正后的平均绝对误差分别减小了12.07%、46.63%、36.66%、17.71%,相关系数分别提升了25.86%、22.22%、16.92%、162.5%,说明该订正方法适用于不同地区的不同重污染过程的预报.     

管式湿式电除尘器气流分布的组织与优化

管式湿式电除尘器可看作由多个线管式电除尘器并联组成,若各电除尘器之间处理烟气流量偏差过大,将导致湿式电除尘器总的除尘效率下降。采用CFD数值模拟技术,对某热力公司116 MW锅炉配套管式湿式电除尘器的内部气流分布进行研究分析,并对气流分布进行组织与优化。在电场进口断面气流速度分布满足相对均方根指标要求的基础上,将各单管处理烟气流量偏差控制在一定范围之内,以保障湿式电除尘器达到规定的排放要求。现场测试结果表明,出口粉尘浓度满足项目技术规范规定的排放要求,数值模拟结果可指导管式湿式电除尘器设计。     

土地资源、环境与经济发展的协调性评价——以通州市为例

评价系统发展协调性的"协调判别法"是这样一种方法:先为系统的各子系统选择一些有代表性又可用一定指标度量的要素,按一定标准将要素分作满意与不满意两类,统计加总各类要素的数量,以之作为度量用的综合指标,并经归一化处理得各子系统的"状态数";再将这些子系统与一定的"状态空间一对应,在此空间中利用"状态数"确定子系统所属系统的"状态点"及"完全协调线",然后分别计算状态点与协调线的距离(偏离度)、状态点与原点的距离(优化度),借助它们便可评价各子系统发展的同步性及相应系统的协调性.以此方法对通州市由土地利用、自然环境和社会经济3个子系统组成的系统进行的协调性评价表明,"协调判别法"具有含义明确、简单、较客观、易操作、可比性强的特点,适用于评价复杂系统的协调发展问题.     

基于光漫反射的真空皮带脱水机滤布纠偏原理

介绍了湿法脱硫系统中真空皮带脱水机滤布的一种光漫反射纠偏装置,包括其主要部件如光漫反射传感器、电动推杆驱动装置、滤布控制滚轮等,重点阐述了光漫反射纠偏装置的工作原理及纠偏过程。光漫反射纠偏装置的主要原理是通过光漫反射传感器的输出信号来判断滤布的跑偏,根据光漫反射传感器的输出信号,DCS控制系统发送指令启动可伸缩的电动推杆装置来伸长和收缩推杆,从而控制滤布滚轮围绕着旋转点进行相应的倾斜调整,使滤布回到其中心位置。     

城市污水处理厂运行稳定性评估方法初探

城市污水处理厂的运行稳定性，直接关系到其运行的成本和对环境的影响。然而，如何判断并改进污水厂的运行稳定性，尚缺乏深入的探讨。通过建立计算机辅助决策支持系统，引入统计学方法，探讨了城市污水处理厂运行稳定性的评估方法。污水处理厂运行稳定性的一个重要表征就是污水厂各工艺单元的各项指标和监测数值处于相对平稳的范围，因此，可以借鉴统计学的原理和方法，构建评估的指标和标准体系，对各常规监测指标长时段的监测数据进行统计分析，寻找时间序列的散布特征，判别工艺单元运行的稳定性，从而评估污水处理厂长期运行状况和趋势，为污水处理厂的管理与维护提供指导意见，改进其运行的稳定性。     

The Nutrient Status of Some Graminaceous Species in Britain. 1. Molinia Caerulea (L.) Moench

Above-ground biomass biomass of Molinia caerulea from 36 sites throughout Britain was analysed for concentrations of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na), with matching analyses of soil nutrients, together with pH and LOI. Between-year and seasonal variation in the nutrients was also studied at one of the sites. the grass was found on acid sites ranging between pH 3.1 and 5.8. the soil humus content varied widely, and there were significant correlations between that and elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na) in the soil. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc and manganese in the plant material were significantly correlated with extractable levels in the soils. Between year variation in the plant nutrient concentrations at one site was of a similar order to variation between the sites. Generally there was less variation in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium tissue levels than in calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. Iron and sodium were the most variable. Tissue concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and copper declined throughout the growing season, whereas magnesium, calcium and iron built up until August/September after which a decline set in as the leaves senesced. the results are discussed in relation to the importance of standardizing the time of sampling, in comparison with concentrations of tissue levels in other plants and the growth strategy of this deciduous grass.     

回采巷道锚杆支护效果评判的改进突变级数法

为综合确定多种因素影响下回采巷道的锚杆支护效果,提出评判回采巷道锚杆支护效果的改进突变级数法.首先,多层次分解影响巷道锚杆支护效果的因素,根据离差最大化法改进突变级数法中的指标重要性排序问题;然后,构建基于改进突变级数法的锚杆支护效果评判模型,计算得出巷道锚杆支护效果评判级数;最后,对20个样本进行巷道锚杆支护效果评判...