Methane emissions during storage of di erent treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin

Many studies on methane emissions from animal manure have revealed that animal manure is a major source of methane emissions to the atmosphere that can have negative consequences for people, animals and environment. In general, the release of methane can be influenced by the type of feed taken by animals, temperature, manure characteristics and so on. This study aimed at quantifying and comparing methane release from dairy manure with di erent piling treatments. Four treatments were designed including manure piling height 30, 45, 60 cm and adding 6 cm manure every day until the piling height was 60 cm. Static chamber method and gas chromatography were adopted to measure the methane emissions from April to June in 2009. Methane emission rates of all four manure treatments were low in the first week and then increased sharply until reaching the peak values. Subsequently, all the methane emission rates decreased and fluctuated within the steady range till the end of the experiment. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests analysis indicated that methane emission rate was greatly influenced by manure piling height and manner. There were no significant relationships between methane emission rates and the temperatures of ambience and heap. However, regression analysis showed that the quadratic equations were found between emission rates of all treatments and the gas temperature in the barrels.     

DEHP、DBP内分泌干扰活性的实验研究

利用MCF-7细胞增殖实验、细胞周期分析、细胞雌激素受体水平测定和断乳大鼠子宫增重实验探讨了邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)内分泌干扰活性及其可能的作用机制.结果表明,DEHP和DBP可诱导MCF-7细胞增殖、细胞内雌激素受体水平增高,对细胞周期无明显影响,DEHP不引起断乳大鼠子宫增重.推断DEHP和DBP可能并不是通过模拟雌激素而是引起体内天然激素受体水平改变等其他机制影响机体内分泌系统.     

Analysis of di usion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding di usion and adsorption was studied. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five di erent liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis showed that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) could be 3–4 orders of magnitude is greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better di usion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their di erent Henry’s coe cient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coe cient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9–2.4. As far as di usive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less e ective than CCL.     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯酶促降解性的研究

从处理石化厂废水的活性污泥中分离出一株邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌FS1（Pseudomonas fluorescens FS1),测定了P.fluorescens FS1的邻苯二甲酸酯降解酸对邻苯二甲酸二（2－乙基已基）酯（DEHP）的降解特性。P.fluorescens FS1细胞中的颗粒部分、溶液部分对DEHP都具有降解作用，初步认为P.fluorescens FS1降解酶属胸内酶。P.fluorescens FS1降解酶对DEHP的最适酸度为pH6.5-8.0，温度为25－35℃，米氏常数Km为190.48nmol/mL。在好氧条件下，DEHP与P.fluorescens FS1降解酯酶作用，形成邻苯二甲酸单酯和邻苯二甲酸后，可进一步降解成苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸，最终转化为CO2与H2O。