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排序方式: 共有402条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
研究重稀土元素钇(Y(III))对短程反硝化工艺的短期和长期影响.结果表明,1~50mg/L的Y(III)对亚硝酸盐的积累量无明显影响,60~100mg/L的Y(III)会影响硝酸盐的还原和亚硝酸盐的积累.1~10mg/L的Y(III)对细菌活性呈现促进作用,20~100mg/L的Y(III)对细菌活性呈现抑制作用.胞外吸附的Y(III)是抑制细菌活性的主要因子,线性拟合的相关性系数R2为0.957,半抑制浓度IC50(吸附)为1.079mg/L(以湿重计),对应水中Y(III)浓度为54.35mg/L.SEM显示,添加Y(III)会使细菌产生更多的胞外聚合物(EPS)将细菌包裹以抵抗Y(III)的毒性,EDS显示被包裹的细菌表面碳、氮元素含量大幅度降低,EPS影响了底物的传质.130d的长期实验表明,5mg/L的Y(III)会使反应器的反硝化性能逐渐消失,停止添加稀土后,反应器的亚硝酸盐积累功能也不能恢复. 相似文献
72.
The layered laurylsulfonate intercalated green rust (lauryl-S GR) was synthesized to evaluate the influence of synthesis parameters and aqueous conditions on the adsorption of CeIV. The maximum adsorption capacity of 305.58 mg/g by lauryl-S GR was predictably obtained. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was appropriate in fitting the whole uptake process in a weak acid environment. Three isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin were all reliable in depicting the isotherm adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of lauryl-S GR towards CeIV was 315.46 mg/g. Ce species including CeO and Ce2O3 besides CeO2 were matched in the XPS distribution, directly indicating the reduction reaction brought by FeII in the GR occurred to hydrated CeIV ions during the adsorption. Nano-sized Ce particles attached to the lauryl-S GRs after the adsorption experiments were observed in the morphological characterization. Flocculated materials were formed on the surface of the lauryl-S GR at a pH of 7, which further reduced the active sites and disrupted the continuous uptake of CeIV to the lauryl-S GR. This study expands the application of GRs and supplies an ideal iron-based material for the construction of the affiliated recovery pathway to the traditional separation of Ce. 相似文献
73.
Chemical and colloidal analyses of natural seep water collected from the exploratory studies facility inside Yucca Mountain,Nevada, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cizdziel JV Guo C Steinberg SM Yu Z Johannesson KH 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(1):31-44
Yucca Mountain is being considered as a geological repository for the USA’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste.
Numerous groundwater seeps appeared during March 2005 within the exploratory studies facility (ESF), a tunnel excavated in
the mountain. Because of the relevance to radionuclide transport and unsaturated zone-modeling studies, we analyzed the seep
samples for major anions and cations, rare earth elements, and colloids. Major ion species and elemental concentrations in
seep samples reflect interaction of the water with the volcanic rock and secondary calcites. Elemental fractograms from flow-injection
field-flow fractionation ICP–MS scans detected Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, Mg, Si, Sr, W, and U at void fractions, suggesting they
may be present in the form of dissolved anions. Colloids approximately 10 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, possibly calcite, were
also present in the seepage samples. Geochemical calculations indicate, however, these may be an artifact (not present in
the groundwater) which arose because of loss of CO2 during sample collection and storage. 相似文献
74.
地球系统工程与区域环境问题调控的原则 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
论述了地球系统科学和工程研究的发展历史、研究对象和方法,及其在解决全球性环境危机中的作用;阐述了提高共识、言行一致、保护全球公共资源、实现可持续性目标等地球系统工程的基本原则. 论述了区域性与地球系统环境问题间的关系,提出区域环境问题调控的4条基本原则:系统性调控、区际公平、多方合作、综合手段和共同约束. 指出应注重应用地球系统科学与工程的理论与方法解决区域环境与生态问题;应深入探讨地球系统及区域环境与生态压力在中国现阶段的特征,统筹全局与长远调控区域环境问题;应开展长期连续观测和信息共享,创新调控全球与区域环境与生态的技术、方法. 相似文献
75.
稀土元素的骨蓄积性、毒性及其对人群健康的潜在危害 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
综合论述了稀土元素在机体内的蓄积性及其毒性效应,分析了稀土农业应用对生态环境和人群骨系统健康的潜在危害.稀土元素被长期低剂量摄入,可在骨组织中蓄积,导致骨组织结构变化,骨髓微核率增高,产生遗传毒性. 相似文献
76.
I. V. Shtangeeva 《Chemistry and Ecology》1995,11(2):85-95
Neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of the elemental composition of different plants and soils. Variations in concentrations of elements during the day were found. Mean concentrations, standard deviations and relationships between elements in soils and different parts of plants were studied. It was shown that the behaviour of chemical elements in samples from urban and unpolluted areas have significant differences. 相似文献
77.
改性硅藻土处理城市污水技术的可行性研究 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
分析了改性硅藻土处理城市污水的技术原理。指出改性硅藻土相对于一般的铝盐、铁盐等污水处理剂,具有效果稳定、二次污染少、可回收利用空间大、价格低廉等优点。提出了该技术的常规和改进的工艺流程,从理论上说明该技术的可行性。结合生产性试验的研究结果表明,该技术对CODcr和BODs的去除效率可分别达到70%和73%左右,对SS和TP的去除率分别大于94%和92%,从而进一步验证了该技术的可行性。参照一般化学强化一级处理技术的经济费用,分析了该技术在经济上的可行性。 相似文献
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