孔石莼提取物对海洋硅藻生长的影响

为筛选具有防污活性的物质,对孔石莼进行了提取,利用海洋硅藻检测了各提取物的防污活性.首先,使用极性不同的有机溶剂对孔石莼分步提取,然后,将得到的各种粗提物加入到硅藻培养液中,通过显微镜计数硅藻附着生长数量.实验发现各提取物均明显地抑制了硅藻的附着及生长,特别是乙酸乙酯提取物在1 g/L浓度下对硅藻附着生长的抑制率达到99%以上.对硅藻生长影响程度依次为:乙酸乙酯提取物>乙醇提取物>石油醚提取物>蒸馏水提取物.     

城市化对河流着生硅藻物种和功能多样性的影响——以深圳市河流为例

着生藻类是河流生态系统的主要初级生产者,了解城市化对着生藻类多样性的影响对于城市河流管理具有重要意义.本研究以深圳市河流为例,研究了河流着生硅藻性状及物种、功能多样性对城市干扰的响应.研究发现城区和郊区的水质状况差异显著.城区样点的NH₄⁺-N、NO₂-N、TN、TP和DOC浓度是郊区的3～20倍不等.水环境的巨大变化也导致了河流着生藻类生物多样性的变化.城区组物种丰富度、Pielou指数和Simpson指数均显著高于郊区组,而功能均匀度则显著低于郊区组.并且在21个硅藻性状中,有15个性状在城区和郊区组间存在显著差异.进一步用随机森林模型拟合着生藻类生物多样性与水质指标的关系,结果发现硅藻性状对城市化反应较其他指标更为敏感.特别是小型、可动、低共位群和运动群这4个性状指标,构建的随机森林模型解释率能达到40%～60%,而生物多样性指数构建的模型解释率只有15%～25%左右.总体来说,TP和TN是影响城市河流着生硅藻多样性的主要水质指标.在营养水平高的城市样点.个体较大、能够移动的硅藻占有主导地位;而在营养水平较低的郊区...     

赣江流域浮游硅藻功能群多样性及其水期演替的驱动特征

为了摸清我国南方丰水型河流流域重要的环境指示类群——浮游硅藻的功能多样性及其环境驱动要素,以赣江流域为例,采用国际上普遍认可的雷氏(Reynolds)、博氏(Borics)和帕氏(Padisák)分类体系进行浮游硅藻类群的系统研究. 结果表明:赣江流域共发现11个浮游硅藻功能类群(包含122种硅藻),并以MP、P、D和L_O类群物种最丰富,全年以MP、P、C和D类群占优势,不同水文期浮游硅藻优势功能类群存在明显分异,表现为丰水期以MP类群占绝对优势,枯水期以C和MP类群占共优势,平水期以则以C类群占绝对优势. 多元逐步回归分析发现,与丰水期占优势的MP、P、C和D类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为纬度、ρ(Hg)、ρ(Zn)、pH和ρ(S2-),与枯水期占优势的C、MP、P和D类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为ρ(Pb)、ρ(Cr6+)、纬度、ρ(BOD₅)、ρ(N)、ρ(P)和ρ(CN-),与平水期占优势的C、P和MP类群密度呈显著相关的主要环境因子为ρ(BOD₅)、ρ(Pb)、ρ(Hg)、ρ(Cd)和ρ(NH₄+-N)等.除趋势对应分析(DCA)和冗余分析结果显示,影响赣江流域浮游硅藻功能多样性的主要环境因子包括流域的经纬度、ρ(FC)(FC为粪大肠杆菌)、重金属含量〔ρ(Cu)、ρ(Pb)和ρ(Cr6+)〕、水位等(解释度达77.0%~90.4%). 研究显示,赣江流域浮游硅藻功能类群多样性及结构呈明显的季节性演替特征,南-中亚热带流域的纬度差异、气温的时空差异以及水位的水期波动、污染物年内排放节律等的共同作用会引起河流流域水体物理和化学生境的改变,这是促使浮游硅藻功能类群不同水期演替的重要原因.      

Distribution of Diatoms in Relation to Land Use and pH in Blackwater Coastal Plain Streams

We compared the composition of diatom assemblages collected from New Jersey Pinelands blackwater streams draining four different land uses, including forest land, abandoned-cranberry bogs, active-cranberry bogs, and developed and upland-agricultural land. Over a 2-year period (2002-2003), we collected 132 diatom taxa at 14 stream sites. Between-year variability in the composition of stream samples was high. Most diatom species were rarely encountered and were found in low abundance. Specific conductance and pH were higher at developed/agricultural sites compared with all other site types. Neither species richness nor genus richness was significantly different between stream types. However, clear community patterns were evident, and a significant difference in species composition existed between the developed/agricultural sites and both cranberry and forest sites. The primary community gradient, represented by the first axis of a DCA ordination, was associated with variations in pH and specific conductance. Although community patterns revealed by ordinating the data collected in 2002 differed from those obtained using the 2003 data, both ordinations contrasted the developed/agricultural sites and the other sites. Acidobiontic and acidophilous diatoms characterized the dominant species at forest, abandoned-bog, and cranberry sites, whereas indifferent species dominated the developed/agricultural samples. Although our study demonstrated a relationship between the composition of diatom assemblages and watershed conditions, several factors, including taxonomic problems, the large number of diatom species, incomplete pH classifications, and year-to-year variability may limit the utility of diatom species as indicators of watershed conditions in the New Jersey Pinelands.     

Toxic marine diatoms of Hong Kong:A paleoecological study

To determine whether toxic diatoms in Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour have become more common during the last four decades,a gravity core was taken from the anaerobic sediments of Kowloon Bay in the harbour. Analysis of these sediments from a depth of 0-1cm,4-5cm and 9-10cm indicated that 6.4%,2.4% and 1.5% of the diatoms observed at each of these three respective depths belonged to the genus Pseudonitzschia. The abundance of Pseudonitzschia frustules in the surface sediments of Victoria Harbour was significantly higher(p<0.05)than it was in the harbour's deeper and older(ca.1965)sediments. The increase in potentially toxic diatom species over the last 30 years was attributed to a variety of factors including the addition of large amounts of nutrients to Hong Kong's coastal waters as a re- sult of man's activities.     

Diatomic remains in sediments of Le An River flowing into Po Yang Lake

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