Removal of antimony from antimony mine flotation wastewater by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes

Antimony (Sb) has received increasing environmental concerns due to its potential toxic and carcinogenic properties. In the present work, the electrocoagulation technique was used to treat the flotation wastewater from a heavy antimony polluted area, and the mechanism of removing Sb was also investigated. The study focused on the effect of operation parameters such as current density, initial pH and standing time on the Sb removal efficiency. Antimony concentration of below 1 mg/L in the treated wastewater was achieved, which meets the emission standards established by State Department of Environmental Protection and State Administration of China for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine of China.     

一种修复Pb-Cd污染污泥的复合淋洗剂的研究

以某自来水厂污泥为背景泥样,人工添加重金属后泥样为研究对象,考察了葡萄糖酸、氯化钠、六偏磷酸钠复配溶液对污泥中重金属的洗脱效果.研究发现,复配淋洗剂对污泥中Pb和Cd有较好的萃取效果.形态分析表明,葡萄糖酸对污泥中的水溶态、离子交换态、碳酸盐结合态及部分弱有机结合态形式的重金属Pb、Cd有较好的萃取效果;六偏磷酸钠主要...     

外源含硫化合物对土壤挥发性有机硫化合物交换通量的影响

通过静态箱采样和Entech7100预浓缩仪-GC-MS分析了半胱氨酸、硫化钠和硫酸钠对土壤吸收或释放羰基硫（COS）、二甲基硫醚（DMS）、二硫化碳（CS2）和二甲二硫醚（DMDS）等4种挥发性有机硫化合物（VOSCs）的影响.结果表明,添加半胱氨酸后,土壤由COS和CS2汇转变为源,DMS和DMDS通量显著增加,且...     

废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备水泥助磨剂的研究

以废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为原料合成了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,研究了其助磨性能及对水泥性能的影响。研究结果表明:聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(SPS)对水泥具有较好的助磨性能,显著降低80μm及45μm筛余量,有效改善颗粒分布;SPS可显著改善水泥各龄期强度,掺入0.04%的SPS试样的3 d、28 d抗压强度较空白样分别增加了19%和8%,优于三乙醇胺和三异丙醇胺;其对水泥净浆流动性的影响也更小。     

亚砷酸钠对酵母细胞抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化的影响

以模式生物酿酒酵母为材料,研究亚砷酸钠对细胞生长、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及胞内活性氧(ROS)水平的影响。结果显示,加入亚砷酸钠(终浓度0.1~0.6 mmol·L~(-1))后,培养液在600 nm处的光密度值(OD600值)低于对照组,并呈浓度依赖性降低。经亚砷酸钠处理12 h后,酵母细胞中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性均增高,但胞内ROS水平和MDA含量与对照组无显著差异。砷处理24 h后,POD在0.2 mmol·L~(-1)砷处理组中活性最高,而CAT、SOD和T-AOC活性呈浓度依赖性增高;胞内ROS水平和MDA含量在高浓度砷组(0.4和0.6 mmol·L~(-1))显著增高。结果表明,亚砷酸钠可抑制酵母细胞生长,改变细胞内抗氧化酶活性,较高浓度时可引起细胞氧化损伤。     

青霉素钠在土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性

分别采用振荡平衡法和土柱淋溶法分析了青霉素钠在不同土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性及其影响因素。结果表明,25℃以下,3种供试土壤对青霉素钠的吸附特性能用Freundlic模型进行较好的拟合,江西红壤、太湖水稻土和东北黑土的吸附常数KF分别为30.73、39.26和64.58 m L·g-1。偏最小二乘法(PLS)分析表明土壤黏粒含量和有机质含量是影响土壤吸附青霉素钠的主要因素。供试土壤对青霉素钠的吸附自由能变化值均40 k J·mol-1,该吸附过程主要属于物理吸附,吸附能力由大到小依次为东北黑土、太湖水稻土和江西红壤。土柱淋溶试验结果显示,土壤有机质含量和黏粒含量亦是影响淋溶过程的主要因素,青霉素钠在土壤剖面中的迁移能力较弱,3种土壤淋溶性能由大到小依次为江西红壤、太湖水稻土和东北黑土。     

Testing of chemical substances for environmental effects—an important task for the chemical industry

Recently the heterogeneous reactions are increasingly recognised as significant in polluted areas. In this work the reactions of gases with solid alkali‐halide crystals at temperatures 200K and 300K were examined by using a recently proposed thermodynamic model (Varotsos et al., 1988) which provides the interconnection of entropy and enthalpy for various processes with well known macroscopic properties of the bulk solid.     

On the role of solid NaCl in polluted marine urban areas

Last decade the reactions of gases at solid interfaces were increasingly recognized as significant in polluted marine troposphere and perhaps in remote areas as well. In this study the reactions of gases with solid NaCl at temperatures 200 K and 300 K were examined by using a recently proposed thermodynamical model (Varotsos et al., 1988) which provides the interconnection of entropy and enthalpy for various processes with well known macroscopic properties of the bulk solid.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺改性膨润土对靛蓝的吸附性能

采用CPAM(阳离子聚丙烯酰胺)改性膨润土作为吸附材料,对靛蓝进行吸附研究,考察膨润土投加量、溶液的pH、反应温度、吸附时间及溶液初始ρ(靛蓝)对吸附效果的影响,并对膨润土的性能进行了表征. 结果表明,CPAM改性膨润土对靛蓝的去除率随着投加量的增加迅速增加,最佳投加量为3g/L,达到吸附平衡所需时间为40min. 当溶液pH为4.0~10.0时,CPAM改性膨润土均能保持较大吸附量,并且pH的变化对吸附量影响较小;当溶液pH大于10.0时,吸附量明显降低. CPAM改性膨润土对靛蓝的吸附动力学符合拟一级动力学方程,热力学符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,回归系数均达0.99以上;pH为6.0时,最大吸附量为5287.0mg/g,是未改性膨润土吸附量的21.4倍,吸附性能比未改性膨润土有显著提高. 通过比表面积的测定及红外光谱和透射电子显微镜分析发现,CPAM与钠基膨润土土层中的阳离子发生离子交换反应,CPAM改性膨润土疏水性增强,层间结构发生变化,同时外比表面积增大,对有机染料的吸附作用增加,说明改性后的膨润土在结构和性能上明显优于未改性膨润土.      

Sodium cyanide-induced modulations in the activities of some oxidative enzymes and metabolites in the fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

Carp fingerlings exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.5?mg?L^?1) of sodium cyanide showed a steady decrement over a 7-day period in respiratory rate, rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and fall in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities followed by variations in lactic and pyruvate levels. Changes in these enzyme activities might be due to impaired oxidative metabolism and severe cellular damage leading to the release of these enzymes. Decline in the activities of SDH and LDH clearly represents a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism as evidenced by elevated lactate and decline in pyruvate levels. The shift to anaerobic metabolism is also reflected by severe drop in the respiratory rate of the fish. This may be a consequence of the blockage of electron transfer from cytochrome c oxidase to molecular oxygen, thus ceasing cellular respiration and it can lead to cellular hypoxia even in the presence of normal hemoglobin oxygenation. Hence, we indirectly reconfirm the inhibition of oxidative metabolism by sodium cyanide. Alterations in behavioral pattern induced by sublethal sodium cyanide exposure may be due to the combination of cytotoxic hypoxia with lactate acidosis, which depresses the central nervous system (CNS); as the brain is the most sensitive site to anoxia, it results in impaired CNS function.