电化学脱稳技术处理油田含聚污水

采用"电化学除油器—斜板除油器—核桃壳过滤器"模拟装置处理模拟含聚采油污水,考察了有/无清水剂加入条件下含聚污水的处理效果,并对电化学除油机理进行了分析。实验结果表明:各级处理单元的除油率与电化学处理时间成正比,不加入清水剂、电化学处理40 min时,各级处理单元的除油率均超过92%;在电化学除油器前加入清水剂100 mg/L、电化学处理20 min时,各级处理单元的除油率分别为98.8%~99.4%,处理后污水含油量小于30 mg/L,处理效果优于在斜板除油器前加入清水剂;电化学处理与清水剂处理有良好的协同除油效果,可大幅降低清水剂用量。机理分析结果表明,电化学作用主要使吸附于油-水界面的产出聚合物降解、脱稳,实现了对油-水界面膜强度和界面电荷的有效破坏,除油效果优异且处理后的絮体松散、无黏附性。     

废弃高分子聚合物再生转化环境功能材料的研究进展

废弃高分子聚合物造成的环境污染问题日益突出,这类废弃物的绿色循环利用近年来备受关注,其中材料化利用是其再生循环的优选途径。概述了废弃高分子聚合物合成环境功能材料的最新研究进展,重点关注噪声污染控制材料、高性能吸水材料、特殊孔材料、吸附材料、催化材料、黏结材料、还原材料和能源转化材料等。介绍了高分子废弃物在这些功能材料合成中发挥的作用、转化方法、材料性能和应用领域,以期为高分子废弃物的高附加值循环利用提供指导。     

The toxic and environmental evaluation of pyrolytic liquids by Allium cepa test

In this study, liquid products obtained from the pyrolysis of hazelnut shell (HS), with and without ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), were subjected to the Allium cepa test system. Pyrolysis in conjunction with the A. cepa test is a promising technology not only from the perspective of energy savings and a source of precious material, but in terms of the removal of hazardous material from the environment in safe manner. Dosages of pyrolytic liquids dissolved in water were determined according to lethal dose (LD₅₀), with three different solution concentrations. The preparates were dyed with acetocarmine. The mitotic index decreased and chromosomal aberration, especially stickiness and c-mitosis, increased with dosage and time. The addition of UHMWPE to HS in the pyrolysis process resulted in less harmful chemical agents, as observed by the relatively higher mitotic index and lower levels of chromosomal aberration.     

低浓度Ce3+对厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性和胞外多聚物的影响

在间歇培养条件下,研究了低浓度Ce3 对启动驯化、稳定培养和酸化等不同状态对厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性的影响.结果表明,低浓度Ce3 可促进厌氧颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性;0.05mg·l-1Ce3 对稳定培养中的厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性促进作用最大,提高了14.29%,对酸化污泥促进作用较弱,低于5%,对启动驯化和再启动污泥有所抑制,抑制程度分别为7.67%和1.64%;驯化培养过程有利于污泥对稀土的适应.Ce3 的加入降低了启动驯化、稳定培养、严重酸化和再启动污泥的胞外多糖含量,有利于颗粒污泥的稳定性.Ce3 使驯化、稳定培养和再启动状态污泥的胞外核酸含量降低,而酸化污泥的胞外核酸含量升高,可用细胞膜通透性的改变解释.     

Fabrication of magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite for the selective and efficient removal of tetracyclines from water

• Magnetic multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer composite was synthesized. • MIP composite was used as the adsorbent for removal of tetracyclines from water. • MIP composite showed excellent adsorption selectivity toward tetracyclines. • MIP composite possessed good reusability. Antibiotic contamination of the water environment has attracted much attention from researchers because of their potential hazards to humans and ecosystems. In this study, a multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) modified mesoporous silica coated magnetic graphene oxide (MGO@MS@MIP) was prepared by the surface imprinting method via a sol-gel process and was used for the selective, efficient and simultaneous removal of tetracyclines (TCs), including doxycycline (DC), tetracycline (TC), chlorotetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from water. The synthesized MIP composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption properties of MGO@MS@MIP for these TCs were characterized through adsorption kinetics, isotherms and selectivity tests. The MIP composite revealed larger adsorption quantities, excellent selectivity and rapid kinetics for these four tetracyclines. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic and followed the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The MGO@MS@MIP could specifically recognize DC, TC, CTC and OTC in the presence of some chemical analogs. In addition, the sorption capacity of the MIP composite did not decrease significantly after repeated application for at least five cycles. Thus, the prepared magnetic MIP composite has great potential to contribute to the effective separation and removal of tetracyclines from water.     

Degradation of L- and DL-lactic acid oligomers in the presence ofFusarium moniliforme andPseudomonas putida

Poly(-alkanoates) derived from lactic acid enantiomers are known to degrade easily hydrolytically in aqueous media. The ability of two microorganisms, a filamentous fungus,Fusarium moniliforme, and a bacterium,Pseudomonas putida, to assimilate the degradation by-products of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), namely, lactic acid, lactyllactic acid dimers, and higher oligomers, was investigated in liquid culture. To distinguish the influence of chirality on bioassimilation, two series of substrates were considered which derived from the racemic and the L-form of lactic acid, respectively. The fate of these compounds was monitored by HPLC. Under the selected conditions,DL- andL-lactic acids were totally used by the two microorganisms regardless of the enantiomeric composition. Both microorganisms degraded the LL-dimer rather rapidly. However,F. moniliforme acted more rapidly thanP. putida. It is likely that the DD-dimer also biodegraded but at a slower rate, especially in the case of the fungi. Higher racemic oligomers were slowly assimilated by the two microorganisms, whereas higher L-oligomers appeared biostable probably because of their crystallinity. A synergistic effect was observed when both microorganisms were present in the same culture medium containing racemic oligomers.Presented at the 4th International Workshop on Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers, October 11–14, 1995. Durham, New Hampshire.     

厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS的作用、成分及影响因素研究进展

厌氧氨氧化是一种新型自养生物脱氮反应,具有节能、脱氮负荷高、无需外加碳源、污泥产生量小等优势,因而对低碳高氮废水的处理具有应用价值。然而,厌氧氨氧化菌生长速率低,常通过污泥颗粒化提升反应器的生物量。胞外聚合物(EPS)在颗粒污泥的形成和稳定方面起着至关重要的作用。为此,综述了EPS在anammox颗粒形成过程中,促进污泥聚集和维持稳定的作用,并阐明了EPS主次要成分及作用,分析了anammox颗粒污泥自身粒径大小、水质条件(有机物、氮浓度和负荷),以及外加介体(矿物质或金属离子等)对EPS含量及成分的影响,并提出未来应在anammox颗粒污泥EPS结构和成分的微观解析、强化EPS分泌以促进颗粒污泥快速形成等方面进一步开展研究,旨在为anammox颗粒污泥的大规模工程化应用提供参考。     

含硅无机高分子絮凝剂的研究进展

含活性硅酸的无机高分子絮凝剂(Si-IPF)是近几年发展迅速的新型、高效无机高分子絮凝剂的代表。文章对国内外si-IPF的研制开发情况进行了分析评述，为今后发展提出了几点建议：(1)加强制备新工艺研究，积极探索制备高浓度si-IPF的最佳工艺条件，提高产品的稳定性和絮凝效果。(2)加强絮凝作用机理研究。找出提高Si-IPF稳定性及提高Si-IPF中对絮凝效果起实际作用的有效成分含量的具体方法。(3)开展应用研究，开发满足不同水质的多功能新产品，并确定其最佳应用条件和适用范围。     

大孔吸附树脂在废水处理中的应用

大孔吸附树脂是一类新型高分子聚合物,它具有物理化学稳定性高、吸附选择性高、不受无机物存在的影响、再生简便、解吸条件温和、使用周期长、宜于构成闭路循环、节省费用等诸多优点,广泛应用于各个领域,尤其是废水的处理,具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了大孔吸附树脂的基本原理及其针对各种具体的有机物进行吸附的效果调查情况。     

天然高分子改性阳离子絮凝剂的合成及对工业废水的处理

以天然高分子F691粉为原料，合成了一种阳离子絮凝剂FIQ－C，考察了各种因素对合成的影响，并研究了它对工业废水的处理效果。研究结果表明，在最佳合成条件，FIQ－C具有良好的絮凝性能。FIQ－C与PAC复制便利地，对工业废水处理效果最好，废水处理后可达标排放。