不同氧化法对模拟聚合物驱废水降黏效果的影响

分别采用UV-Fenton试剂氧化法、次氯酸钙氧化法和二氧化氯氧化法处理模拟聚合物驱废水,考察了各工艺条件对废水降黏效果的影响。实验结果表明:在初始废水pH为7、反应温度为50℃、反应时间为20 min的条件下,UV-Fenton试剂氧化法适宜的H2O2加入量为1 mmol/L,n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=10,处理后废水降黏率达65.7%;次氯酸钙氧化法适宜的次氯酸钙加入量为500 mg/L,处理后废水降黏率达81.7%;二氧化氯氧化法适宜的二氧化氯加入量为100 mg/L,处理后废水降黏率为40.9%。3种氧化法对模拟聚合物驱废水的降黏率大小顺序为:次氯酸钙氧化法>UV-Fenton试剂氧化法>二氧化氯氧化法。     

不饱和季铵盐的合成及其聚合物在化工及环保领域的应用

按不饱和基团的类型对不饱和季铵盐进行了分类,并综述了其合成方法。介绍了其聚合物在含油污水处理、抗菌、纺织品、新材料等领域的应用。阐述了在不饱和季铵盐的开发及其聚合物的应用方面存在的问题。指出了今后的发展方向:应该加大科研投入,加快新型不饱和季铵盐的研发进程,特别是在主结构设计、纯度提高以及新型絮凝剂单体的多样性方面,以制备出多功能性的单体和聚合物。     

Biodegradability,hydrolytic degradability,and builder performance in detergent formulations of partially dicarboxylated alginic acid

Partially dicarboxylated alginic acids with degree of dicarboxylations from 13 to 61 mol% were prepared and their biodegradability, hydrolytic degradability, and builder performances in detergent formulations were measured. Also, the correlations between biodegradability and hydrolytic degradability were examined with respect to the degree of dicarboxylation. The biodegradability of dicarboxylated alginic acid sodium salt (DCAa), evaluated by biochemical oxygen demand with activated sludge, depended on the degree of dicarboxylation. DCAa containing more than 75 mol% remaining uronide residues in the polymer chain showed excellent biodegradation. Hydrolytic degradation of DCAa depended on the degree of dicarboxylation and the pH of the incubation media. After 30-day incubation at 30°C at pH 4–6, a significant molecular weight reduction by hydrolytic degradation was observed for highly dicarboxylated alginic acid. DCAa with a high degree of dicarboxylation showed excellent builder performance in detergent formulations based on the detergency and calcium sequestration capacity.     

绿色高分子及其发展现状

本文介绍了高分子材料的用途及造成的危害,指出研究和使用绿色高分子材料的紧迫性和重要性,绿色高分子的要求、制造和应用,同时叙述了目前绿色高分子领域取得的进展和成就。     

聚合物在粘土及钻井液固体颗粒表面的吸附

围绕废弃钻井液的处理,采用非分散红外TOC仪测聚合物吸附量,研究了聚合物PAM、PHP、FA367、CPAM在粘土及钻井液固体颗粒表面的吸附特性,研究结果表明聚合物在粘土颗粒表面的吸附是高度不可逆的,聚合物高分子与粘土因氢键、静电及嵌入三种相互作用方式而吸附,阳离子型聚合物絮凝剂在钻井液固体颗粒表面比阴离子和非离子型絮凝剂有高得多的吸附性能,废弃钻井液的絮凝主要以“吸附架桥”机理为主。     

不同类型清水剂处理油田含聚污水的效果对比

考察了阳离子型CWC-14、非离子型NQS-01和阴离子型AQS-08 3类清水剂对油田含聚污水的处理效果,对比了它们的作用特点和絮体性能。实验结果表明:在清水剂加入量350 mg/L、处理温度65℃、搅拌转速300 r/min、搅拌时间5 min的条件下,CWC-14、NQS-01和AQS-08对含聚污水的除油率分别为98.8%、98.0%和99.4%;NQS-01受处理温度、搅拌条件影响较大;CWC-14受污水中聚合物质量浓度影响最大。清水剂的絮体特点与其作用机理有关,CWC-14的絮凝速率最快,起效时间最短,絮体呈黏性大块状;NQS-01的絮凝速率最慢,起效时间最长,絮体呈浮油状;AQS-08的絮凝速率和起效时间适中,絮体呈松散状、流动性好。对比结果表明,非阳离子型清水剂可有效避免油田含聚污水处理过程中的黏性油泥问题。     

A respirometric method to measure mineralization of polymeric materials in a matured compost environment

A respirometric method was developed to measure the mineralization of polymeric materials in a matured compost environment. For the purpose of evaluating the method, results obtained for the mineralization of glucose and cellulose are presented. The matured compost, in addition to supplied nutrients, micronutrients, and an inoculum, serves as the matrix which supports the microbial activity. Recovery of the substrate carbon in the form of carbon dioxide from the glucose and cellulose added to test vessels was 68 and 70%, respectively. A statistical evaluation of the results obtained on substrate mineralization was carried out and showed acceptable reproducibility between replicate test vessels and test runs. The testing protocol developed has the following important characteristics: (1) the test reactors are maintained at 53 °C at a high solids loading (60% moisture), which has certain characteristics that are similar to a thermophilic compost environment; (2) the test matrix providing microbial activity is derived from readily available organic materials to facilitate reproducibility of the method in different laboratories; (3) the equipment required to perform this test is relatively inexpensive; and (4) the information obtained on polymer mineralization is vital to the study and development of biodegradable polymeric materials.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas.     

高分子材料在环境中的危害及其对策

本文综述了高分子材料在生产过程、使用过程及其废弃物所带来的危害,以及解决危 害的对策。