GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST凝胶的制备及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能

采用微波辐射技术,通过接枝共聚反应制备了阿拉伯胶（GA）-g-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）/丙烯酸（AA）/海泡石黏土（ST）（GA-g-PAMPS/AA/ST）复合水凝胶,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合水凝胶进行了表征,研究了水凝胶对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）染料的吸附性能.结果显示：GA、ST和AA与AMPS发生了接枝共聚反应,形成具有均匀三维网络结构的复合水凝胶.0.025g水凝胶可以使体积为50mL、pH值为6.4、浓度为600mg/L的MB溶液的吸附量和吸附率分别达1146mg/g和95.5%,水凝胶具有较好的重复利用性能.Freundlich等温模型和准二级动力学模型能更好地描述吸附过程.热力学研究表明水凝胶对亚甲基蓝吸附是自发、吸热和不可逆的过程.该水凝胶可用作阳离子染料和阳离子型污染物的潜在候选生物质吸附剂.     

Preparation and characterization of organic polymer modified composite polyaluminum chloride

Compared with traditional aluminum salts, polyaluminum chloride （PACI） has better coagulation-flocculation performance in turbidity removal. However, it is still inferior to organic polymers in terms of bridging function. In order to improve the aggregating property of PACl, different composite PACl flocculants were prepared with various organic polymers. The effect of organic polymer on the distribution or Al（Ⅲ） species in composite flocculants was studied using ^27TAl NMR and Al-ferron complexation methods. The charge neutralization and surface adsorption characteristics of composite flocculants were also investigated. Jar tests were conducted to evaluate the turbidity removal efficacy of organic polymer modified composite flocculants. The study shows that cationic polymer and anionic polymer have significant influences on the coagulation-flocculation behaviors of PACl. Both cationic and anionic polymers can improve the turbidity removal performancc of PACl but the mechanisms arc much different： cationic organic polymer mainly increases the charge neutralization ability, but anionic polymer mainly enhances the bridging function.     

丁二烯自聚物的产生和预防

介绍了丁二烯自聚物的种类,分析了丁二烯自聚物的形成机理、产生条件和爆炸原因,归纳总结了预防丁二烯自聚物产生及丁二烯储存中的安全措施     

二氧化钛对地下水中砷硅的吸附及再生回用

二氧化钛(TiO_2)材料作为性能优异的吸附材料被广泛应用于地下水砷(As)的去除中.结果表明,地下水中共存硅离子(Si)会占据TiO_2的吸附位点,从而影响As的吸附及TiO_2材料的再生回用.本文通过同步辐射扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)研究了Si对As微观吸附机制的影响,表明Si的存在不会影响As在TiO_2上的吸附构型.衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)原位研究表明Si在TiO_2表面形成Si单体、低聚体和多聚体,从而竞争As的吸附位点,同时增加TiO_2再生的难度.为了实现TiO_2材料的高效再生,本研究进一步考察了氟化钠(NaF)对TiO_2表面Si的脱附效果,发现NaF可以有效地洗脱Si,再生后的TiO_2吸附性能稳定.ATR-FTIR光谱原位分析发现,NaF的加入可有效脱附TiO_2表面的Si单体和多聚体.当利用NaF和Na OH共同洗脱TiO_2表面的As和Si时,3次循环中As的脱附率为86.8%~100.3%,Si的脱附率为67.9%~82.0%.本研究为地下水砷硅共吸附材料的再生提供了一种有效方法.     

Preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid chelating material for effective adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)

The discharge of heavy metal ions such as Cu~2+and Pb~2+poses a severe threat to public health and the environment owing to their extreme toxicity and bioaccumulation through food chains Herein, we report a novel organic–inorganic hybrid adsorbent, Al(OH)_3-poly(acrylamide dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)-graft-dithiocarbamate(APD), for rapid and effectiv removal of Cu~2+and Pb~2+. In this adsorbent, the "star-like" structure of Al(OH)3 poly(acrylamide-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) served as the support of dithiocarbamat(DTC) functional groups for easy access of heavy metal ions and assisted development of larg and compact floccules. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). APD was demonstrated to hav rapid adsorption kinetics with an initial rate of 267.379 and 2569.373 mg/(g·min) as well a superior adsorption capacities of 317.777 and 586.699 mg/g for Cu~2+and Pb~2+respectively. Th adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, involving intraparticle diffusion and chemical interaction between heavy metal ions and the functional groups of APD. To assess it versatility and wide applicability, APD was also used in turbid heavy metal wastewater, and performed well in removing suspended particles and heavy metal ions simultaneously through flocculation and chelation. The rapid, convenient and effective adsorption of Cu~2+and Pb~2+give APD great potential for heavy metal decontamination in industrial applications.     

工业型煤复合粘结剂的研制

根据高聚物相似互溶、扩散渗透原理,采用苎麻黑液、造纸黑液、酒糟废水、淀粉黄浆废水等10种高浓度有机废水(液)作为原料,研制成用于工业型煤的复合粘结剂,使高浓度有机废水(液)得到经济、合理的资源利用。这种粘结剂中含有多种天然高分子物质,可交联成三维空间网状结构,使工业型煤具有较高的机械强度和防潮抗水性能,并同时解决了燃煤和高浓度有机废水(液)的环境污染问题。     

Advanced superhydrophobic electroactive fluorinated polyimide and its application in anticorrosion coating

A novel superhydrophobicelectroactive fluorinated polyimide (HEFPI) was first synthesized from aniline trimer and 4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride. The HEFPI could be fabricated as superhydrophobicfilm by replicated the surface of the Xanthosomasagittifolium leaves. The water contact angle of HEFPI film reaches as high as 157 ° and the superhydrophobic property of HEFPI could coat on cold-rolled steel (CRS) to prevent the metal corrosion. Electroactivity of EFPI was evaluated by performing electrochemical cyclic voltammetry study. Besides, redox catalytic capabilities of aniline trimer units existed in HEFPI main chain may induce the formation of passive metal oxide layers on the CRS electrode. The synergistic effects (hydrophobic property and passive metal oxide layers) make the HEFPI coating has great potential for advanced anticorrosion material.     

高分子螯合剂捕集重金属Pb2+的机理研究

探讨了当含铅废物中共存其他金属时,高分子螯合剂对捕集效果的影响,实验结果表明,此种螯合剂对铅去除率在９９．７％以上,不受钾,钠和钙离子存在的影响,并且也不受ｐＨ值变化的影响,当有铁禽子存在时,会降低铅的去除率,但钙离子的共存有利于铅的去除。     

新型混凝剂处理印染废水的实验研究

采用自行制备的具有不同SiO2 :Al:Fe(摩尔比值 )和碱化度的两类新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝铁 (PSAFC)和聚硅酸硫酸铝铁 (PSAFS)各 7种 ,直接对印染废水进行处理。从中选出 2种混凝剂 ,考察了pH值、混凝剂投量等对混凝效果的影响 ,并对混凝处理后 ,印染废水出水中残留混凝剂主要成分Al、Fe、SiO2 的含量进行分析。实验结果表明 ,氯化物型 (PSAFC)和硫酸盐型 (PSAFS)混凝剂对印染废水的色度、浊度、CODCr均有良好的去除效果 ;总体而言 ,PSAFS的混凝效果略优于PSAFC ;混凝处理后印染废水出水中残留铝、铁、硅的含量均比较低 ;pH值和碱化度对混凝剂在水体中残留铝含量有影响     

不同氧化法对模拟聚合物驱废水降黏效果的影响

分别采用UV-Fenton试剂氧化法、次氯酸钙氧化法和二氧化氯氧化法处理模拟聚合物驱废水,考察了各工艺条件对废水降黏效果的影响。实验结果表明:在初始废水pH为7、反应温度为50℃、反应时间为20 min的条件下,UV-Fenton试剂氧化法适宜的H2O2加入量为1 mmol/L,n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=10,处理后废水降黏率达65.7%;次氯酸钙氧化法适宜的次氯酸钙加入量为500 mg/L,处理后废水降黏率达81.7%;二氧化氯氧化法适宜的二氧化氯加入量为100 mg/L,处理后废水降黏率为40.9%。3种氧化法对模拟聚合物驱废水的降黏率大小顺序为:次氯酸钙氧化法>UV-Fenton试剂氧化法>二氧化氯氧化法。