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此文分析了产品成形的特点,模具承载的负荷特点,从而在成形工艺上、润滑上、模具结构及选材上采取了相应的措施.用H-4水基高分子润滑剂和3Cr2W8V制作冷挤压模都取得了明显效果. 相似文献
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MAUREEN E. RYAN JARRETT R. JOHNSON BENJAMIN M. FITZPATRICK LINDA J. LOWENSTINE ANGELA M. PICCO H. BRADLEY SHAFFER 《Conservation biology》2013,27(1):95-102
Biological invasions and habitat alteration are often detrimental to native species, but their interactions are difficult to predict. Interbreeding between native and introduced species generates novel genotypes and phenotypes, and human land use alters habitat structure and chemistry. Both invasions and habitat alteration create new biological challenges and opportunities. In the intensively farmed Salinas Valley, California (U.S.A.), threatened California tiger salamanders (Ambystoma californiense) have been replaced by hybrids between California tiger salamander and introduced barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium). We conducted an enclosure experiment to examine the effects habitat modification and relative frequency of hybrid and native California tiger salamanders have on recruitment of salamanders and their prey, Pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla). We tested whether recruitment differed among genetic classes of tiger salamanders (hybrid or native) and pond hydroperiod (seasonal or perennial). Roughly 6 weeks into the experiment, 70% (of 378 total) of salamander larvae died in 4 out of 6 ponds. Native salamanders survived (n = 12) in these ponds only if they had metamorphosed prior to the die‐offs. During die‐offs, all larvae of native salamanders died, whereas 56% of hybrid larvae died. We necropsied native and hybrid salamanders, tested water quality, and queried the California Department of Pesticide Regulation database to investigate possible causes of the die‐offs. Salamander die‐offs, changes in the abundance of other community members (invertebrates, algae, and cyanobacteria), shifts in salamander sex ratio, and patterns of pesticide application in adjacent fields suggest that pesticide use may have contributed to die‐offs. That all survivors were hybrids suggests that environmental stress may promote rapid displacement of native genotypes. Efectos Letales de la Calidad del Agua sobre Salamandras de California Amenazadas pero no sobre Salamandras Híbridas Concurrentes 相似文献
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应用上限法建立了由矩形毛坯正挤压矩形截面工件的等挤压比流动模型 ,推导出了三次多项式表示的流线方程 ,给出了变形区的动可容速度场、应变速率场及上限功率的表达式 ,获得了挤压力的上限数值解 ;分析了变形程度、工件截面形状等参数对挤压力的影响 ,并获得了相对挤压应力与截面形状系数之间的近似关系式。研究证明采用流线速度场进行上限分析比其他方法更符合实际情况 ,根据流线设计的凹模优于常规凹模 ,如平底模。 相似文献
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