稻田生态系统O3干沉积特性及其对气孔吸收的贡献

选择江苏省南京市南京信息工程大学永丰农业气象试验站水稻种植区站点,实时观测气象因子、O₃浓度、干沉积通量、沉积速率.基于课题组在本地修正过的水稻气孔导度模型量化O₃干沉积通量在气孔与非气孔通道的分配特征.结果表明：整个水稻观测期间,O₃干沉积速率与通量在夜间变化平缓,白天变化剧烈,均值分别为0.34cm/s与-0.0049μmol/（m²·s）,峰值则分别出现在08：30与12：30.此外,水稻生长季期间平均日累积O₃总通量、气孔通量与非气孔通量分别为0.40,0.14,0.26mmol/（m²·d）,其累积值分别为27.8,9.8,18.0mmol/m².平均O₃气孔通量和非气孔通量所占总O₃通量的比例分别为34.0%和66.0%,其中白天的比例分别为49.0%与51.0%.     

鄱阳湖平原直播稻CH4通量及其与CO2通量的综合温室效应

稻田是一个既排放CH₄又吸收CO₂的复杂生态系统,在全球水碳循环和碳收支中发挥着重要作用.利用涡度相关法得到2020年鄱阳湖平原双季直播稻田的CH₄和CO₂通量,定量揭示了稻田碳通量变化特征、累积量和2种温室气体的综合温室效应.结果表明,双季直播稻田为CH₄排放源,全生育期排放量为52.6 g·m^-2,日均排放0.208 g·(m²·d)^-1. CH₄通量具有明显的季节变化特征,强排放期(排放峰)集中在早稻生长中期和晚稻生长前期,早稻85.5%和晚稻92.1%的CH₄在强排放期被释放,日尺度峰值分别为0.638 g·(m²·d)^-1和1.282 g·(m²·d)^-1.CH₄通量日变化呈显著单峰型、不显著单峰型和无规律型,强排放期主要为单峰型,该型式下早稻季峰值0...     

Sediment Flux to the Sea as Influenced by Changing Human Activities and Precipitation: Example of the Yellow River,China

Since the 1970s, the sediment flux of the Yellow River to the sea has shown a marked tendency to decrease, which is unfavorable for wetland protection and oil extraction in the Yellow River delta. Thus, an effort has been made to elucidate the relation between the sediment flux to the sea and the drainage basin factors including climate and human activities. The results show that the sediment flux to the sea responds to the changed precipitation in different ways for different runoff and sediment source areas in the drainage basin. If other factors are assumed to be constant, when the annual precipitation in the area between Longmen and Sanmenxia decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will decrease by 27.5 million t/yr; when the precipitation in the area between Hekouzhen and Longmen decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will decrease by 14.3 million t/yr; when the precipitation in the area above Lanzhou decreases by 10 mm, the sediment flux to the sea will decrease by 17.4 million t/yr. A multiple regression equation has been established between the sediment flux to the sea and the influencing factors, such as the area of land terracing and tree and grass planting, the area of the land created by the sediment trapped by check dams, the annual precipitation, and the annual quantity of water diversion by man. The equation may be used to estimate the change in the sediment flux to the sea when the influencing variables are further changed, to provide useful knowledge for the environmental planning of the Yellow River drainage basin and its delta.     

中空纤维膜应用于两段式好氧生物反应器的研究

首先在清水滤过试验的基础上总结了合适的中空纤维膜的预处理方法 ,并对膜进行普通活性污泥的滤过试验 ,测定了在不同操作压力下的滤水通量 ,然后探讨了在两段式好氧生物反应器中用中空纤维膜进行泥水分离的特性。在 10 0d的长期试验中测定有机负荷、CODCr、MLSS等传统参数 ,证实反应器的处理效果 ,同时通过膜通量的变化规律讨论了造成膜污染的原因 ,推荐有效的膜再生方法     

室内气体中颗粒状污染物的计数技术

提出一种方法，将气体激光器的内腔作为颗粒注入区，利用气体激光器的内腔功率谱密度远大于腔外的特点，结合先进的激光散射理论，对空气中的颗粒进行计数和粒径分档，实践证明，该方法对较小粒径的颗粒检测非常有效。     

污泥低氧消化-膜分离工艺运行条件对膜通量的影响

应用低氧消化－膜分离工艺对活性污泥进行低氧消化处理，考察了运行条件对膜通理的影响，结果表明，操作压力和膜组件底部的曝气强度是本工艺膜分离过程中的2个重要的操作条件；操作压力对膜通量的影响与膜污染程度有关，膜污染越严重，临界压力越小；底部曝气对膜通量的影响程度受到操作压力的制约，操作压力越高，底部曝气的强度对膜通量的影响越大。     

超滤膜分离性能的影响因素研究

以水通量，化学需氧量和细菌截留率为主要考核指标，考察了超滤膜分离性污泥混合液的影响因素，结果表明：ＰＥＳ膜适宜污水膜生物工艺使用：一定程度下，膜的截留分子量大，有利于水通量增加；膜的水通量随污泥浓度和滤纸过滤液ＣＯＤ浓度的提高面减少；滤纸过滤液ＣＯＤ浓度对膜水通量影响大于活性污泥浓度；截留分子量小的膜，水通量随压力的提高而上升。     

Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics: Case Studies in the Former Soviet Union,the Conterminous United States,Mexico and Brazil

This research assessed land-use impacts on C flux at a national level in four countries: former Soviet Union, United States, Mexico and Brazil, including biotic processes in terrestrial ecosystems (closed forests, woodlands, and croplands), harvest of trees for wood and paper products, and direct C emission from fires. The terrestrial ecosystems of the four countries contain approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial biosphere C pool, with the FSU alone having 27% of the global total. Average phytomass C densities decreased from south to north while average soil C densities in all three vegetation types generally increased from south to north. The C flux from land cover conversion was divided into a biotic component and a land-use component. We estimate that the total net biotic flux (Tg/yr) was positive (= uptake) in the FSU (631) and the U.S. (332), but negative in Mexico (−37) and Brazil (−16). In contrast, total flux from land use was negative (= emissions) in all four countries (TgC/yr): FSU −343; U.S. −243; Mexico −35; and Brazil −235. The total net effect of the biotic and land-use factors was a C sink in the FSU and the U.S. and a C source in both Brazil and Mexico. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Vertical fluxes of volatile mercury over soil surfaces in Guizhou Province, China

ＶｅｒｔｉｃａｌｆｌｕｘｅｓｏｆｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｏｖｅｒｓｏｉｌｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｉｎＧｕｉｚｈｏｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，ＣｈｉｎａＦｅｎｇＸｉｎｂｉｎ，ＣｈｅｎＹｅｃａｉ，ＺｈｕＷｅｉｇｕｏＳｔａｔｅＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＥｎｖｉｒ...     

NOx在长江三角洲地区冬小麦农田与大气间的交换

利用4动态箱体系测定了NOx(NO NO2)在长江三角洲平原地区典型冬小麦农田与大气间的交换通量.NO和NO2的平均交换通量分别为169.7ng·m-2·s-1和-18.5ng·m-2·s-1,表明该地区麦田是大气中NO的一个重要源,是NO2的汇.在冬小麦主要生长期(拔节-抽穗期),NO的交换通量与地表土壤温度呈指数关系.NO2的交换通量与其在环境中的浓度存在明显的负线性关系,其在农田与大气间交换的补偿点(交换通量为0时环境大气中NO2浓度)为11.9μg·m-3.正常耕作的小麦农田以NO-N方式排放的N占施肥总N的2.3%,表明NO挥发为农田氮肥损失的重要形式.追加尿素木质素混合肥料虽然提高了小麦产量,但也显著刺激了农田对NO的排放.