柴油发电机房噪声治理的优化设计及应用

目前柴油发电机房噪声的设计与治理方法没有形成固定的模式,为了解决这个问题,文章以某柴油发电机房噪声治理为例,对该噪声控制进行理论探讨、设计计算和技术优化。以此为据完成了工程,取得了良好的处理效果。并为柴油发电机房噪声控制提供了一种可供参考的方法。     

In-vehicle Measurement of Ultrafine Particles on Compressed Natural Gas, Conventional Diesel, and Oxidation-catalyst Diesel Heavy-duty Transit Buses

Many metropolitan transit authorities are considering upgrading transit bus fleets to decrease ambient criteria pollutant levels. Advancements in engine and fuel technology have lead to a generation of lower-emission buses in a variety of fuel types. Dynamometer tests show substantial reductions in particulate mass emissions for younger buses (<10 years) over older models, but particle number reduction has not been verified in the research. Recent studies suggest that particle number is a more important factor than particle mass in determining health effects. In-vehicle particle number concentration measurements on conventional diesel, oxidation-catalyst diesel and compressed natural gas transit buses are compared to estimate relative in-vehicle particulate exposures. Two primary consistencies are observed from the data: the CNG buses have average particle count concentrations near the average concentrations for the oxidation-catalyst diesel buses, and the conventional diesel buses have average particle count concentrations approximately three to four times greater than the CNG buses. Particle number concentrations are also noticeably affected by bus idling behavior and ventilation options, such as, window position and air conditioning.     

分光光度法测定大气颗粒物和柴油尾气中的砷含量

介绍了测定砷含量的分光光度法,该方法可以应用于大气颗粒物中的痕量砷的敏感性测定。测定、考察了北方城市大气中砷浓度及日变化规律,结果表明,分光光度法显色稳定,灵敏度高。将此方法获得的结果与原子吸收法所得到的结果进行比较,两者高度吻合。进行了柴油机动车尾气中砷含量的测定,结果表明,其尾气中含有一定量的砷。     

高粱修复柴油污染土壤过程中植物生物量及土壤微生物总量的变化

通过温室盆栽试验,研究了高粱修复柴油污染土壤过程中植物生物量及土壤微生物总量的变化情况.通过定量分析土壤中柴油含量对高粱生物量和土壤微生物总量的影响,揭示柴油对土壤环境的生物学效应.结果表明,柴油污染胁迫下高粱的发芽率、存活率以及生物量受到不同程度的影响,在w(柴油)为0.1%的土壤中高粱的发芽率、存活率以及生物量与空白相比约有10%的增加,而在w(柴油)高于3.0%的污染土壤中高粱无法生长.土壤中微生物量随着土壤中柴油含量的增大而减小,但是随着修复过程的进行,土壤环境得到改善,土壤中微生物量有了明显的提高.      

生物柴油发动机颗粒排放物粒径及其分布试验研究

为获取燃用不同比例生物柴油的发动机排放颗粒物粒径及其分布特性,对1台增压直喷式车用柴油机进行了台架测试.用80 L/min定量泵和装有直径90 mm的玻纤滤膜采样器在排气管内采样10 min,用激光粒度仪测量与分析颗粒粒径和分布.结果表明,随着发动机转速提高,排放颗粒粒径变小且分布更集中.干法众数对应的粒径级较大（约10～12 μm）且较集中,湿法众数的较小（约4～10 μm）且分散.用干法分析,发动机低速时,B100的Sauter平均直径d₃₂最大,纯柴油最小,而B20的结果介于二者之间.而高速时B20的粒径最大,纯柴油次之,B100最小.中数粒径d(0.5)的结果也反映这一趋势.用湿法分析,除了2?000 r/min点外, B20的d₃₂最大,B100次之,柴油最小.湿法众数比干法分散,因而d₃₂也较大.     

浅谈大功率柴油机余热发电

介绍了中山柴油机发电厂余热发电技改项目,并分析论述了利用大功率柴油机排烟余热发电的优点.在油价高企的背景下,实施余热发电是节能环保的有效措施之一.     

柴油发电机房的噪声控制技术

柴油发电机组是一种广泛使用的备用供电设备,机组引发的环境噪声污染问题日益得到重视.对某电信局紧急备用的柴油发电机组进行噪声频谱特性分析和周围环境状况的分析,针对性地提出吸声、隔声、消声、减振以及通风散热的治理措施.经过治理后,达到了环境噪声Ⅱ类区域排放标准的要求,同时也满足了柴油发电机组工作时的通风散热要求.     

柴油挥发行为的研究

对柴油进行了在玻璃表面皿上和在土壤中的挥发实验研究。在玻璃表面皿的挥发实验中,进行了30℃条件下柴油与90^#汽油、煤油及沙特原油挥发的对比实验。实验结果表明,柴油和煤油的挥发量与挥发时间呈指数关系,而90^#汽油与沙特原油的挥发量与挥发时间呈对数关系。柴油在土壤中的挥发实验表明,土壤质地、土壤的含水量及柴油浓度都影响柴油的挥发量。土壤中的柴油污染物有一种向上运动的所谓“灯芯”作用,适度的土壤含水量会促进“灯芯”作用,而过高的含水量则抑制其发生。     

凹凸棒石粘土净化柴油机废气的研究

利用天然凹凸棒石粘土制备成的吸收液,用于柴油机废气的净化过程。柴油机废气在喷射反应器中经凹凸棒石粘土溶液吸收脱除其中的碳烟颗粒物及其它污染物质而净化。实验表明该吸收液具有胶体特性,对碳烟颗粒物有较强的亲合力。在实验条件下,废气中的碳烟脱除率可达71 .3% ,NOX 的脱除率为80 . 4 % ,HC和SO2 等有害气体的脱除率均高于90 % ,气体出口温度从2 0 0～2 5 0℃下降到约5 5℃,气相阻力为3 5kPa。     

Determination of arsenic in air particulates and diesel exhaust particulates by spectrophotometry

A method was developed for the determination of trace arsenic by spectrophotometry. The proposed method is rapid, simple,and inexpensive. This method can be used for sensitive determination of trace arsenic in environmental samples and especially in air particulates. The results obtained by this method as a proposed method were compared with those obtained by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry as a popular reported method for the determination of arsenic and an excellent agreement was found between them. The method was also used for determination of arsenic associated with airborne particulate matter and diesel exhaust particulates.The results showed that considerable amount of arsenic are associated with diesel engine particulates. The variation in concentration of arsenic was also investigated. The atmospheric concentration of arsenic was different in different sampling stations was dependent to the traffic density.