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161.
162.
单一及复合表面活性剂对菌株降解柴油的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了单一表面活性剂SDS、TW80和鼠李糖脂对菌株SD10降解柴油的影响,同时探讨了不同比例配制的复合表面活性剂SDS—TW80以及SDS-鼠李糖脂的CMC值变化,及对菌株SD10降解柴油的影响。实验主要结论如下:(1)SDS、TW80和鼠李糖脂,都能提高菌株SD10对柴油的降解率,鼠李糖脂能力最强,其次为TW80,SDS能力最弱。SDS和TW80浓度过高,会抑制菌株生长及活性,导致降解率下降,不过这种抑制或毒害作用可能是短时间的,超过一定时间后,菌株SD10活性又能恢复;(2)TW80或鼠李糖脂,与SDS复配,都能显著降低复合体系的CMC值,且SDS-鼠李糖脂复合体系的CMC值更低;(3)复合表面活性剂SDS—TW80以及SDS-鼠李糖脂比单一表面活性剂性能更强,能有效提高菌株对柴油的降解率,特别是鼠李糖脂和SDS配制复合表面活性剂效果更佳。复合表面活性剂的研究也将为表面活性剂增溶促降解研究和应用提供新的思路和理论基础。 相似文献
163.
Potassium-modified ceria-zirconia catalyst was synthesized by wetness impregnation method.The ageing treatment was performed in static air at 800°C for 20 hr to evaluate the thermal stability of the catalyst.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,BET surface area,oxygen storage capacity,NOx-temperature programmed desorption and soot-temperature programmed oxidation measurements.By introduction of potassium,the maximum soot oxidation rate temperature(Tm) of the ceria-zirconia based catalyst de... 相似文献
164.
国Ⅲ柴油公交车尾气排放实际道路测试研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用车载式尾气排放测试设备对北京国Ⅲ排放标准的柴油公交车在实际道路上的尾气排放特征进行了实测研究,测试时间为10 552 s,行驶里程达到61.97 km,共获得10 552组有效数据,测试数据能够反映车辆在实际道路上的排放特征。车辆在实际道路上尾气排放NOx、CO、THC和PM的排放因子分别为14.12±2.54g/km、8.04±2.51 g/km、0.158±0.022 g/km和3.16±1.73 g/km。研究结果表明,油耗及污染物排放与各行驶工况下的速度、加速度均密切相关,车辆在高速加速行驶状态下易产生高的排放速率。车速小于10 km/h时排放因子远大于车速较快时的排放因子,车辆在加速时的排放因子最大,减速时最小。车辆在30 km/h~50 km/h速度区间内等速行驶时,油耗与排放因子最为经济且环境友好。测试车辆排放的颗粒形态主要集中在累积模式,属于纳米或超细微粒。 相似文献
165.
166.
Impacts of continuously regenerating trap and particle oxidation catalyst on the NO2 and particulate matter emissions emitted from diesel engine 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Zhihua Liu Yunshan Ge Jianwei Tan Chao He Asad Naeem Shah Yan Ding Linxiao Yu Wei Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(4):624-631
Two continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) with different configurations and one particles oxidation catalyst (POC) were employed to perform experiments in a controlled laboratory setting to evaluate their effects on NO2, smoke and particle number emissions. The results showed that the application of the after-treatments increased the emission ratios of NO2/NOx significantly. The results of smoke emissions and particle number (PN) emissions indicated that both CRDPFs had sufficient capacity to remove more than 90% of total particulate matter (PM) and more than 97% of solid particles. However, the POC was able to remove the organic components of total PM, and only partially to remove the carbonaceous particles with size less than 30 nm. The negligible effects of POC on larger particles were observed due to its honeycomb structure leads to an inadequate residence time to oxidize the solid particles or trap them. The particles removal efficiencies of CRDPFs had high degree of correlations with the emission ratio of NO2/NOx. The PN emission results from two CRDPFs indicated that more NO2 generating in diesel oxidation catalyst section could obtain the higher removal efficiency of solid particles. However this also increased the risk of NO2 exposure in atmosphere. 相似文献
167.
改性低品质膨润土处理柴油废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选择阴阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTMAB-十二烷基磺酸钠SDBS改性低品质膨润土,在8%的CTMAB:SDBS=5:1有机膨润土用量6.0 g/L,温度30℃,pH4~8之间,搅拌速度150 r/min,搅拌时间30 min的最优条件下,对50.0 mg/L的柴油吸附量可达到8.06 mg/g。改性后膨润土阳离子交换容量增加了1.6倍。红外光谱图和XRD谱图显示,表面活性剂已经进入膨润土层间。有机膨润土可同时吸附废水中的重金属铬和柴油,吸附均符合Freundlich等温式,对柴油的吸附是分配作用和表面吸附共同作用的结果,对重金属铬主要是表面吸附。 相似文献
168.
169.
经消油剂处理的石油水溶组分对刺参幼参的急性毒性研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
为研究溢油经消油剂处理后对刺参幼参的危害,进行了如下试验:(1)表皮分别涂抹原油、0号柴油和消油剂;(2)消油剂分别处理原油、0号柴油所形成的水溶组分(chemical enhanced water accommodated fraction,CEWAF)和消油剂对幼参的96 h急性毒性试验。结果显示:(1)仅0号柴油和消油剂使幼参出现较短时间的收缩,表皮均未溃烂;(2)由高浓度至低浓度组先后出现部分幼参收缩、排脏、附着力下降,甚至表皮长疱、溃烂或死亡等现象,原油CEWAF对3月龄和4月龄幼参的96 h半致死浓度LC50(95%置信限)分别为246.09(211.16~286.81)mg/L和399.15(374.71~425.19)mg/L,4月龄幼参在0号柴油CEWAF浓度为125.89和19.95 mg/L时出现72 h内100%死亡和96 h内100%存活的现象,消油剂浓度为6 000 mg/L时幼参死亡率<50%。 相似文献
170.
《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2013,6(2):121-132
Today, energy occupies a pivotal position around which all socio-economic activities revolve. No energy means no life, and supply of energy in a cheap, plentiful, long-sustainable and environmentally safe form is a boon for everyone. In the light of rising cost of oil and fears of its exhaustion coupled with increased pollution, the governments worldwide are deliberating and making huge strides to promote renewable energy sources such as wind. Integration of wind machines with the diesel plants is pursued widely to reduce dependence on fossil-fuel-produced energy and to reduce the release of carbon gases that cause global climate change. The literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) consume an estimated 10–40% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyse wind-speed data of Dhahran (East-Coast, KSA) to assess the economic feasibility of utilising autonomous hybrid wind–diesel power systems to meet the electrical load of 100 typical residential buildings (with annual electrical energy demand of 3512 MWh). The monthly average wind speeds range from 3.3 to 5.6 m/s. The hybrid systems simulated consist of different combinations of 600 kW commercial wind machines supplemented with diesel generators. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's hybrid optimisation model for electric renewables software was employed to perform the techno-economic analysis. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system comprising 600 kW wind capacity together with a 1.0 MW diesel system (two 500 kW units), the wind penetration (at 50 m hub-height, with 0% annual capacity shortage) is 26%. The cost of generating energy (COE, $/kWh) from this hybrid wind–diesel system was found to be 0.070 $/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1 $/l). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the number of operational hours of diesel generator sets (gensets) decreases with an increase in the wind-farm capacity. Concurrently, emphasis has also been placed on wind penetration, un-met load, effect of hub-height on energy production and COE, excess electricity generation, percentage fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (relative to diesel-only situation) of different hybrid systems, cost breakdown of wind–diesel systems, COE of different hybrid systems, etc. 相似文献