Transcending capitalism growth strategies for biodiversity conservation

The unlimited economic growth that fuels capitalism's metabolism has profoundly transformed a large portion of Earth. The resulting environmental destruction has led to an unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss. Following large-scale losses of habitats and species, it was recognized that biodiversity is crucial to maintaining functional ecosystems. We sought to continue the debate on the contradictions between economic growth and biodiversity in the conservation science literature and thus invite scholars to engage in reversing the biodiversity crisis through acknowledging the impacts of economic growth. In the 1970s, a global agenda was set to develop different milestones related to sustainable development, including green–blue economic growth, which despite not specifically addressing biodiversity reinforced the idea that economic development based on profit is compatible with the planet's ecology. Only after biodiversity loss captured the attention of environmental sciences researchers in the early 2000s was a global biodiversity agenda implemented. The agenda highlights biodiversity conservation as a major international challenge and recognizes that the main drivers of biodiversity loss derive from economic activities. The post-2000 biodiversity agendas, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the post-2020 Convention on Biological Diversity Global Strategy Framework, do not consider the negative impacts of growth-oriented strategies on biodiversity. As a result, global biodiversity conservation priorities are governed by the economic value of biodiversity and its assumed contribution to people's welfare. A large body of empirical evidence shows that unlimited economic growth is the main driver of biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene; thus, we strongly argue for sustainable degrowth and a fundamental shift in societal values. An equitable downscaling of the physical economy can improve ecological conditions, thus reducing biodiversity loss and consequently enhancing human well-being.     

基于生态学研究制定湿地保护策略：以台湾七股湿地为例

制定合理有效的滨海湿地保护法律制度和管理策略,需要我们理解生物多样性、生态功能和生态系统服务之间的相互关系,并正确地评估滨海湿地的脆弱性以及人类活动和环境变化对湿地的影响。然而,当前滨海湿地保护政策制定过程中有关生态及经济评估数据尚显不足。在此,本文以台湾七股滨海区域作为案例,展示了滨海湿地环境保护政策制定过程生态学研究发挥的影响力,并体现出对其他领域和当地居民相互协作的力量整合,最终实现湿地保护的策略。     

太湖饮用水源地附近居民暴露参数

采用问卷调查方式研究了太湖饮用水源地附近1 500人的相关暴露参数.结果表明:该地区成人平均体质量为63.07kg,男性和女性分别为67.55和57.59 kg;平均体表面积为1.71 m2,男性和女性分别为1.79和1.61 m2;主食(米饭)、水产品、肉类、蛋类、蔬菜和水果的摄入率50百分位数分别为300、33.09、102.56、48.44、291.44和216.86 g/d;直接饮水率为1 125.00mL/d.该研究结果与美国和日本《暴露参数手册》推荐值有较大差异,差异范围为-67.33%～141.08%;相比国内其他研究结果,体质量、体表面积、直接饮水率相差不大,但饮食暴露参数有较大差异.      

我国鸟类监测的现状、问题与对策

鸟类是开展生物多样性监测的重要指示类群.对鸟类的长期、系统监测工作在欧美已经有百余年历史,且野鸟多样性指数已经成为欧美一些国家开展生物多样性监测工作的官方指标.通过对国内鸟类监测现状的分析,结合监测对象、指标、抽样策略和监测方法等监测工作中应重点关注的几个方面,提出了我国鸟类监测存在的问题,并结合国情提出了下一步开展鸟类监测工作的对策与建议.建议我国有关部门尽快制定鸟类监测技术规程和标准,统一数据收集和分析平台,逐步构建政府引导,科研院所、高等院校、自然保护区、观鸟协会和志愿者等多方参与的鸟类监测网络.     

Utility optimization strategy of safety management capability of coal mine - A case study of JCIA

This article describes optimization strategy of SMCCM from perspective of utility of coal miner with the method of empirical research. Four elements of SMCCM are put forward which consist of “employee safety knowledge”, “equipment safety knowledge”, “environment safety knowledge” and “rule safety knowledge”. Eight elements of utility are put forward which consist of “benefit satisfaction”, “promotion satisfaction”, “job satisfaction”, “enterprise satisfaction”, “management satisfaction”, “colleague satisfaction”, “relationship satisfaction” and “communication satisfaction”. Then hypotheses of influence path between SMCCM and utility are proposed. JCIA is chosen as the sample to carry out survey, which questionnaire is designed based on the likert six-point scale to avoid the middle tendency of the test samples. Data analysis is done from following angles: analysis of the structure and utility of test samples, variables analysis of SMCCM and utility, model analysis of interaction between SMCCM and utility. And then results are obtained from the analysis of elements of SMCCM and elements of utility. Conclusions: first, “rule safety knowledge” should be strengthened above all; second, “job satisfaction” should be paid more attention to; third, coal miner’s benefit should be concerned specially.     

南通市城镇空间结构研究

南通市城镇空间结构演变具有优越的区位条件和较好的经济基础及发展历史,但综合经济实力欠缺是造成中心城市规模偏小、城镇空间发展不平衡以及城市化水平滞后的根本原因。因而完善南通城镇空间结构的策略应该是走多元化城镇化发展道路,加快城镇建设步伐。通过户籍登记制度和农村土地流转制度改革,优先发展基础设施,优化空间产业布局和城镇空间布局,逐步形成一个层次合理、布局科学的城镇体系,为实现城乡一体化奠定基础。     

江西省耕地变化及保护策略

江西省人均耕地已触及联合国粮农组织规定的人均耕地警戒线,且近年来耕地流失的趋势还在加快。耕地减少主要集中在国家基建占地、退耕还林、退耕还塘以及灾害毁地等几个方面。近10年来,江西各地区表现出不同的耕地流失特征。人均GDP较高的地区,耕地减少率反而低。这主要是因为各地区处于不同的经济发展阶段,经济水平相对较高的传统工业城市正处于产业转型期,占用耕地较少,而相对落后的几个城市的工业正在起步,表现出占用耕地较多。利用主成分分析法,得出江西省耕地减少的四大驱动因素,分别是经济发展和人口增长、自然灾害、退耕政策以及农业技术进步。控制人口数量,实现耕地总量动态平衡,积极开垦、复垦土地,改善生态环境等是当前保护耕地的基本策 略。     

融合控制策略在污水处理曝气过程中的应用

针对污水处理过程的复杂性,提出了一种融合控制策略。探讨了基于融合的工程控制策略和控制算法。仿真实验结果表明:该工程控制算法的控制精度高,鲁棒性强,对污水处理过程的控制是可行和有效的。     

煤矿领导者和监管者的行为决策演化博弈分析

为完善煤矿企业内部安全监管体系,协调安全投入和监管的行为决策,对企业领导决策者和监督管理者的行为决策进行演化博弈分析.构建领导决策者和监督管理者的双群体演化博弈模型;根据博弈模型建立复制动态方程,通过雅可比矩阵对其进行局部稳定性分析并讨论系统的演化稳定策略(ESS);应用数值模拟分析验证博弈模型和结论.结果表明:安全投...